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Author | Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
Title | The domestication of social cognition in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 298 | Issue | 5598 | Pages | 1634-1636 |
Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves | ||||
Abstract | Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. | ||||
Address | Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:12446914 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 595 | ||
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Author | West, R.E.; Young, R.J. | ||||
Title | Do domestic dogs show any evidence of being able to count? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 183-186 |
Keywords | Animal Feed; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Dogs; Female; Male; *Mathematics; Reinforcement (Psychology); Visual Perception | ||||
Abstract | Numerical competence has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal species. The level of numerical abilities shown ranges from simple relative numerousness judgements to true counting. In this study we used the preferential looking technique to test whether 11 pet dogs could count. The dogs were presented with three simple calculations: “1+1=2”; “1+1=1”; and “1+1=3”. These calculations were performed by presenting the dogs with treats that were placed behind a screen that allowed manipulation of the outcome of the calculation. When the dogs expected the outcome they spent the same amount of time looking at the result of the calculation as they did on the initial presentation. However, when the result was unexpected dogs spent significantly longer looking at the outcome of the calculation. The results suggest that the dogs were anticipating the outcome of the calculations they observed, thus suggesting that dogs may have a rudimentary ability to count. | ||||
Address | De Montfort University-Lincoln, Caythorpe, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG32 3EP, UK | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:12357291 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2594 | ||
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Author | Soproni, K.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Dogs' (Canis familiaris) responsiveness to human pointing gestures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 116 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-34 |
Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Gestures; Male; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity | ||||
Abstract | In a series of 3 experiments, dogs (Canis familiaris) were presented with variations of the human pointing gesture: gestures with reversed direction of movement, cross-pointing, and different arm extensions. Dogs performed at above chance level if they could see the hand (and index finger) protruding from the human body contour. If these minimum requirements were not accessible, dogs still could rely on the body position of the signaler. The direction of movement of the pointing arm did not influence the performance. In summary, these observations suggest that dogs are able to rely on relatively novel gestural forms of the human communicative pointing gesture and that they are able to comprehend to some extent the referential nature of human pointing. | ||||
Address | Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary. krisztinasoproni@hotmail.com | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11926681 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4962 | ||
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Author | Soproni, K.; Miklósi, A.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 122-126 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | On the basis of a study by D. J. Povinelli, D. T. Bierschwale, and C. G. Cech (1999), the performance of family dogs (Canis familiaris) was examined in a 2-way food choice task in which 4 types of directional cues were given by the experimenter: pointing and gazing, head-nodding (“at target”), head turning above the correct container (“above target”), and glancing only (“eyes only”). The results showed that the performance of the dogs resembled more closely that of the children in D. J. Povinelli et al.'s study, in contrast to the chimpanzees' performance in the same study. It seems that dogs, like children, interpret the test situation as being a form of communication. The hypothesis is that this similarity is attributable to the social experience and acquired social routines in dogs because they spend more time in close contact with humans than apes do, and as a result dogs are probably more experienced in the recognition of human gestures. | ||||
Address | Department of Ethology, Budapest, Hungary. lavina@ludens.elte.hu | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11459158 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4963 | ||
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Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-80 |
Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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Author | Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. | ||||
Title | Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Revista de Saude Publica | Abbreviated Journal | Rev Saude Publica |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 348-352 |
Keywords | Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification | ||||
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species | ||||
Address | Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0034-8910 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:10973153 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2650 | ||
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Author | Meyer, W.; Pakur, M. | ||||
Title | [Remarks on the domestic dog as an object of instruction for the education of the developing child] | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Abbreviated Journal | Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume | 112 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 131-138 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Domestic; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Character; Child; *Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; *Dogs; Emotions; Empathy; Humans | ||||
Abstract | Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes problems involved in the significance of domesticated dogs as objects of instruction and assistants of the education of children. Several important topics are discussed in view of advances for children in families keeping dogs. Such topics are mainly related to a general socio-emotional level, the support of cognitive development and character formation. Further aspects are the acquisition of a sense of responsibility, and the development of self-confidence, a sense of social membership and security, as well as important attributes of character such as frankness, broad mindedness, and sympathetic understanding. Moreover, knowledge about the life cycle and functions of body organs can be conveyed, and the dog could, at least in part, substitute for brothers and sisters. Basically, positive attitudes towards animals in general, as well as nature and environment are supported. All topics are critically commented and considered to be realistic or not. The supporting role of parents, in particular, is emphasized. Parental commitment should include deep concern with the typical attributes of the dog breed desired, and optimal dog keeping conditions to prevent harm to the children. The final commentary lays special emphasis on negative features of domestication for a pet owner, and cautions against non-biological and illusionary ideas about domesticated animals. | ||||
Address | Anatomisches Institut der Tierakztlichen Hochschule Hannover | ||||
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Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Bemerkungen zum Haushund als Lehrobjekt und Erziehungshilfe fur das sich entwickelnde Kind | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0005-9366 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:10337055 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4155 | ||
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Author | Daniels, T.J.; Bekoff, M. | ||||
Title | Feralization: The making of wild domestic animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 79-94 |
Keywords | feralization; domestication; feral dogs | ||||
Abstract | The widely accepted viewpoint that feralization is the reverse of domestication requires that the feralization process be restricted to populations of animals and, therefore, cannot occur in individuals. An alternative, ontogenetic approach is presented in which feralization is defined as the process by which individual domestic animals either become desocialized from humans, or never become socialized, and thus behave as untamed, non-domestic animals. Feralization will vary among species and, intraspecifically, will depend upon an individual's age and history of socialization to humans. Because feralization is not equated with morphological change resulting from evolutionary processes, species formation is not an accurate indicator of feral condition. | ||||
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Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 5; Export Date: 24 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4580 | ||
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Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 107-112 |
Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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Author | Adachi, I.; Kuwahata, H.; Fujita, K. | ||||
Title | Dogs recall their owner's face upon hearing the owner's voice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 17-21 |
Keywords | Cross-modal representation – Natural concepts – Dogs | ||||
Abstract | Abstract We tested whether dogs have a cross-modal representation of human individuals. We presented domestic dogs with a photo of either the owner's or a stranger's face on the LCD monitor after playing back a voice of one of those persons. A voice and a face matched in half of the trials (Congruent condition) and mismatched in the other half (Incongruent condition). If our subjects activate visual images of the voice, their expectation would be contradicted in Incongruent condition. It would result in the subjects` longer looking times in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. Our subject dogs looked longer at the visual stimulus in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. This suggests that dogs actively generate their internal representation of the owner's face when they hear the owner calling them. This is the first demonstration that nonhuman animals do not merely associate auditory and visual stimuli but also actively generate a visual image from auditory information. Furthermore, our subject also looked at the visual stimulus longer in Incongruent condition in which the owner's face followed an unfamiliar person's voice than in Congruent condition in which the owner's face followed the owner's voice. Generating a particular visual image in response to an unfamiliar voice should be difficult, and any expected images from the voice ought to be more obscure or less well defined than that of the owners. However, our subjects looked longer at the owner's face in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. This may indicate that dogs may have predicted that it should not be the owner when they heard the unfamiliar person's voice. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4222 | ||
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