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Author | Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
Title | The domestication of social cognition in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 298 | Issue | 5598 | Pages | 1634-1636 |
Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves | ||||
Abstract | Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. | ||||
Address | Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:12446914 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 595 | ||
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Author | West, R.E.; Young, R.J. | ||||
Title | Do domestic dogs show any evidence of being able to count? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 183-186 |
Keywords | Animal Feed; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Dogs; Female; Male; *Mathematics; Reinforcement (Psychology); Visual Perception | ||||
Abstract | Numerical competence has been demonstrated in a wide range of animal species. The level of numerical abilities shown ranges from simple relative numerousness judgements to true counting. In this study we used the preferential looking technique to test whether 11 pet dogs could count. The dogs were presented with three simple calculations: “1+1=2”; “1+1=1”; and “1+1=3”. These calculations were performed by presenting the dogs with treats that were placed behind a screen that allowed manipulation of the outcome of the calculation. When the dogs expected the outcome they spent the same amount of time looking at the result of the calculation as they did on the initial presentation. However, when the result was unexpected dogs spent significantly longer looking at the outcome of the calculation. The results suggest that the dogs were anticipating the outcome of the calculations they observed, thus suggesting that dogs may have a rudimentary ability to count. | ||||
Address | De Montfort University-Lincoln, Caythorpe, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG32 3EP, UK | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:12357291 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2594 | ||
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Author | Soproni, K.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Dogs' (Canis familiaris) responsiveness to human pointing gestures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 116 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-34 |
Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Gestures; Male; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity | ||||
Abstract | In a series of 3 experiments, dogs (Canis familiaris) were presented with variations of the human pointing gesture: gestures with reversed direction of movement, cross-pointing, and different arm extensions. Dogs performed at above chance level if they could see the hand (and index finger) protruding from the human body contour. If these minimum requirements were not accessible, dogs still could rely on the body position of the signaler. The direction of movement of the pointing arm did not influence the performance. In summary, these observations suggest that dogs are able to rely on relatively novel gestural forms of the human communicative pointing gesture and that they are able to comprehend to some extent the referential nature of human pointing. | ||||
Address | Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary. krisztinasoproni@hotmail.com | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:11926681 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4962 | ||
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Author | Soproni, K.; Miklósi, A.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. | ||||
Title | Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 122-126 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | On the basis of a study by D. J. Povinelli, D. T. Bierschwale, and C. G. Cech (1999), the performance of family dogs (Canis familiaris) was examined in a 2-way food choice task in which 4 types of directional cues were given by the experimenter: pointing and gazing, head-nodding (“at target”), head turning above the correct container (“above target”), and glancing only (“eyes only”). The results showed that the performance of the dogs resembled more closely that of the children in D. J. Povinelli et al.'s study, in contrast to the chimpanzees' performance in the same study. It seems that dogs, like children, interpret the test situation as being a form of communication. The hypothesis is that this similarity is attributable to the social experience and acquired social routines in dogs because they spend more time in close contact with humans than apes do, and as a result dogs are probably more experienced in the recognition of human gestures. | ||||
Address | Department of Ethology, Budapest, Hungary. lavina@ludens.elte.hu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:11459158 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4963 | ||
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Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-80 |
Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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Author | Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. | ||||
Title | Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Revista de Saude Publica | Abbreviated Journal | Rev Saude Publica |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 348-352 |
Keywords | Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification | ||||
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species | ||||
Address | Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0034-8910 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:10973153 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2650 | ||
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Author | Meyer, W.; Pakur, M. | ||||
Title | [Remarks on the domestic dog as an object of instruction for the education of the developing child] | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Abbreviated Journal | Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume | 112 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 131-138 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Domestic; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Character; Child; *Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; *Dogs; Emotions; Empathy; Humans | ||||
Abstract | Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes problems involved in the significance of domesticated dogs as objects of instruction and assistants of the education of children. Several important topics are discussed in view of advances for children in families keeping dogs. Such topics are mainly related to a general socio-emotional level, the support of cognitive development and character formation. Further aspects are the acquisition of a sense of responsibility, and the development of self-confidence, a sense of social membership and security, as well as important attributes of character such as frankness, broad mindedness, and sympathetic understanding. Moreover, knowledge about the life cycle and functions of body organs can be conveyed, and the dog could, at least in part, substitute for brothers and sisters. Basically, positive attitudes towards animals in general, as well as nature and environment are supported. All topics are critically commented and considered to be realistic or not. The supporting role of parents, in particular, is emphasized. Parental commitment should include deep concern with the typical attributes of the dog breed desired, and optimal dog keeping conditions to prevent harm to the children. The final commentary lays special emphasis on negative features of domestication for a pet owner, and cautions against non-biological and illusionary ideas about domesticated animals. | ||||
Address | Anatomisches Institut der Tierakztlichen Hochschule Hannover | ||||
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Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Bemerkungen zum Haushund als Lehrobjekt und Erziehungshilfe fur das sich entwickelnde Kind | |
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ISSN | 0005-9366 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:10337055 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4155 | ||
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Author | Daniels, T.J.; Bekoff, M. | ||||
Title | Feralization: The making of wild domestic animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 79-94 |
Keywords | feralization; domestication; feral dogs | ||||
Abstract | The widely accepted viewpoint that feralization is the reverse of domestication requires that the feralization process be restricted to populations of animals and, therefore, cannot occur in individuals. An alternative, ontogenetic approach is presented in which feralization is defined as the process by which individual domestic animals either become desocialized from humans, or never become socialized, and thus behave as untamed, non-domestic animals. Feralization will vary among species and, intraspecifically, will depend upon an individual's age and history of socialization to humans. Because feralization is not equated with morphological change resulting from evolutionary processes, species formation is not an accurate indicator of feral condition. | ||||
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Cited By (since 1996): 5; Export Date: 24 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4580 | ||
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Author | Cooper, J.J.; Ashton, C.; Bishop, S.; West, R.; Mills, D.S.; Young, R.J. | ||||
Title | Clever hounds: social cognition in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 81 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 229-244 |
Keywords | Domestic dog; Canine; Social cognition; Counting; Theory of mind; Perspective taking | ||||
Abstract | This paper reviews the reasons why domestic dogs make good models to investigate cognitive processes related to social living and describes experimental approaches that can be adopted to investigate such processes in dogs. Domestic dogs are suitable models for investigating social cognition skills for three broad reasons. First, dogs originated from wolves, social animals that engage in a number of co-operative behaviours, such as hunting and that may have evolved cognitive abilities that help them predict and interpret the actions of other animals. Second, during domestication dogs are likely to have been selected for mental adaptations for their roles in human society such as herding or companionship. Third, domestic dogs live in a human world and “enculturation” may facilitate the development of relevant mental skills in dogs. Studies of social cognition in animals commonly use experimental paradigms originally developed for pre-verbal human infants. Preferential gaze, for example, can be used as a measure of attention or “surprise” in studies using expectancy violation. This approach has been used to demonstrate simple numerical competence in dogs. Dogs also readily use both conspecific and human social signals (e.g. looking or pointing) as information sources to locate hidden rewards such as food or favourite toys. Such abilities make dogs particularly good models for investigating perspective-taking tasks, where animals are required to discriminate between apparently knowledgeable and apparently ignorant informants. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 395 | ||
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Author | B. Agnetta,; B. Hare,; M. Tomasello, | ||||
Title | Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 107-112 |
Keywords | Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication | ||||
Abstract | Autoren B. Agnetta, B. Hare, M. Tomasello Zusammenfassung The results of three experiments are reported. In the main study, a human experimenter presented domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with a variety of social cues intended to indicate the location of hidden food. The novel findings of this study were: (1) dogs were able to use successfully several totally novel cues in which they watched a human place a marker in front of the target location; (2) dogs were unable to use the marker by itself with no behavioral cues (suggesting that some form of human behavior directed to the target location was a necessary part of the cue); and (3) there were no significant developments in dogs' skills in these tasks across the age range 4 months to 4 years (arguing against the necessity of extensive learning experiences with humans). In a follow-up study, dogs did not follow human gaze into “empty space” outside of the simulated foraging context. Finally, in a small pilot study, two arctic wolves (Canis lupus) were unable to use human cues to locate hidden food. These results suggest the possibility that domestic dogs have evolved an adaptive specialization for using human-produced directional cues in a goal-directed (especially foraging) context. Exactly how they understand these cues is still an open question. Schlüsselwörter Key words Dogs – Arctic wolves – Social cognition – Gaze following – Communication |
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Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 598 | ||
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