HFWU Home

Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

Home |  Show All |  Simple Search |  Advanced Search
Quick Search:
51-60 of 60 records found matching your query:
toggle visibility Search & Display Options
Select All    Deselect All << 1 2 3 4 5 6 >>
List View
 | 
Citations
 | 
Details
   print
  Records Links
Author Wolfe, J.M. openurl 
  Title Hidden visual processes Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Scientific American Abbreviated Journal Sci Am  
  Volume 248 Issue 2 Pages 94-103  
  Keywords Color Perception/*physiology; Humans; Motion Perception/physiology; Ocular Physiology; Vision; Visual Perception/*physiology  
  Abstract Isoluminant stimulus is an image whose edges are defined only by a change in color, not by change in brightness. The stimulus here is imperfect: the blue parts and the green parts of the image are only as nearly equal in brightness as they can be on the printed page. Moreover, the change in brightness beyond the edge of the page is apparent, and so is the fact that the reader is holding the magazine at reading distance. When such cues are removed under laboratory conditions, subjects faced with an isoluminant stimulus prove unable to bring its edges into focus. This deficiency contributes to making a familiar face hard to recognize. The experiment indicates that the brain process underlying visual accommodation (the focusing of the eyes) cannot “see” color; it is a hidden process distinct from the processes that lead to perception. The image shows Groucho Marx as he appeared in the motion picture Horse Feathers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8733 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:6836258 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4066  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.; Barack, R.C. openurl 
  Title Distraction as a function of within-task stimulation for hyperactive and normal children Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Journal of learning disabilities Abbreviated Journal J Learn Disabil  
  Volume 11 Issue 9 Pages 540-548  
  Keywords *Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Color Perception; Female; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*psychology; Male; Motor Skills; *Task Performance and Analysis; Visual Perception  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2194 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:731119 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 270  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hauser, M.D.; Kralik, J.; Botto-Mahan, C.; Garrett, M.; Oser, J. openurl 
  Title Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 92 Issue 23 Pages 10811-10814  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Discrimination (Psychology); Exploratory Behavior; Female; Hair Color; Male; Phylogeny; Psychology, Comparative; Research Design; Saguinus/*psychology; *Self Concept; Species Specificity; Touch; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while looking in a mirror or inspect parts of their body while using the mirror's reflection. Only chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans over the age of approximately 2 years consistently evidence self-directed mirror-guided behavior without experimenter training. To evaluate the inferred phylogenetic gap between hominoids and other animals, a modified dye-mark test was conducted with cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a New World monkey species. The white hair on the tamarins' head was color-dyed, thereby significantly altering a visually distinctive species-typical feature. Only individuals with dyed hair and prior mirror exposure touched their head while looking in the mirror. They looked longer in the mirror than controls, and some individuals used the mirror to observe visually inaccessible body parts. Prior failures to pass the mirror test may have been due to methodological problems, rather than to phylogenetic differences in the capacity for self-recognition. Specifically, an individual's sensitivity to experimentally modified parts of its body may depend crucially on the relative saliency of the modified part (e.g., face versus hair). Moreover, and in contrast to previous claims, we suggest that the mirror test may not be sufficient for assessing the concept of self or mental state attribution in nonlinguistic organisms.  
  Address Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:7479889 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2825  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Marten, K.; Psarakos, S. doi  openurl
  Title Using self-view television to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 205-224  
  Keywords Animal Communication; Animals; *Attention; Discrimination Learning; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Behavior; *Television; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract In mirror mark tests dolphins twist, posture, and engage in open-mouth and head movements, often repetitive. Because postures and an open mouth are also dolphin social behaviors, we used self-view television as a manipulatable mirror to distinguish between self-examination and social behavior. Two dolphins were exposed to alternating real-time self-view (“mirror mode”) and playback of the same to determine if they distinguished between them. The adult male engaged in elaborate open-mouth behaviors in mirror mode, but usually just watched when played back the same material. Mirror mode behavior was also compared to interacting with real dolphins (controls). Mark tests were conducted, as well as switches from front to side self-views to see if the dolphins turned. They presented marked areas to the self-view television and turned. The results suggest self-examination over social behavior.  
  Address Earthtrust, Kailua, Hawaii 96734, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8521259 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4164  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Anderson, J.R. doi  openurl
  Title Self-recognition in dolphins: credible cetaceans; compromised criteria, controls, and conclusions Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 239-243  
  Keywords Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Discrimination Learning; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Male; Orientation; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; *Television; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract  
  Address Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie, CNRS URA 1295, Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8521263 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4163  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hart, D.; Whitlow, J.W.J. openurl 
  Title The experience of self in the bottlenose dolphin Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 244-247  
  Keywords Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; *Television; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract Marten and Psarakos have presented some evidence which suggests that objective self-awareness and possibly representations of self may characterize the dolphins' experience of self. Their research demonstrates the possibility of similarities in the sense of self between primate species and dolphins, although whether dolphins have subjective self-awareness, personal memories, and theories of self--all important facets of the sense of self in humans--was not examined. Clearly, even this limited evidence was difficult to achieve; the difficulties in adapting methods and coding behavior are quite apparent in their report. Future progress, however, may depend upon clarification of what are the necessary components for a sense of self and an explication of how these might be reflected in dolphin behavior. We are mindful of the authors' point (pp. 219 and 220) that the dolphin lives more in an acoustic than a visual environment. Thus, while tasks relying upon vision may reveal the presence or absence of the sense of self in primates, it might well be the case that in dolphins self-related experiences might be better revealed in auditory tasks. But then, what is the nature of human self-awareness in terms of audition? While both conceptual and methodological hurdles remain, Marten and Psarakos have demonstrated that important questions can be asked about the minds and phenomenal worlds of nonanthropoid species.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8521264 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4162  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Loveland, K.A. doi  openurl
  Title Self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: ecological considerations Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 254-257  
  Keywords Animals; Attention; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Environment; Species Specificity; Television; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract  
  Address Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77025, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8521267 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4161  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Etienne, A.S.; Maurer, R.; Seguinot, V. openurl 
  Title Path integration in mammals and its interaction with visual landmarks Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication The Journal of Experimental Biology Abbreviated Journal J Exp Biol  
  Volume 199 Issue Pt 1 Pages 201-209  
  Keywords Animals; Cognition/physiology; Cricetinae; Gerbillinae; Humans; Locomotion/*physiology; Mammals/*physiology; Mesocricetus; Mice; Proprioception/physiology; Rats; Visual Pathways/*physiology; Visual Perception/*physiology  
  Abstract During locomotion, mammals update their position with respect to a fixed point of reference, such as their point of departure, by processing inertial cues, proprioceptive feedback and stored motor commands generated during locomotion. This so-called path integration system (dead reckoning) allows the animal to return to its home, or to a familiar feeding place, even when external cues are absent or novel. However, without the use of external cues, the path integration process leads to rapid accumulation of errors involving both the direction and distance of the goal. Therefore, even nocturnal species such as hamsters and mice rely more on previously learned visual references than on the path integration system when the two types of information are in conflict. Recent studies investigate the extent to which path integration and familiar visual cues cooperate to optimize the navigational performance.  
  Address Laboratoire d'Ethologie, FPSE, Universite de Geneve, Carouge, Switzerland  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-0949 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8576691 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2758  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sekuler, A.B.; Lee, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal Perception  
  Volume 25 Issue 9 Pages 1109-1120  
  Keywords Animals; *Columbidae; *Visual Perception  
  Abstract One of the most common obstacles to object perception is the fact that objects often occlude parts of themselves and parts of other objects. Perceptual completion has been studied extensively in humans, and researchers have shown that humans do complete partly occluded objects. In an effort to understand more about the mechanisms underlying completion, recent research has extended the study of perceptual completion to other mammalian species. Monkeys and mice also seem to complete two-dimensional representations of partly occluded objects. The present study addresses the question of whether this capacity generalizes to a nonmammalian species, the pigeon (Columba livia). The results point to a limit of the generalizability of perceptual completion: pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-0066 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:8983050 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 377  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. openurl 
  Title Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of environmental stimulation Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Journal of consulting and clinical psychology Abbreviated Journal J Consult Clin Psychol  
  Volume 44 Issue 5 Pages 693-697  
  Keywords Achievement; Acoustic Stimulation; *Arousal; Auditory Perception; Child; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*etiology; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-006X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:965541 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 272  
Permanent link to this record
Select All    Deselect All << 1 2 3 4 5 6 >>
List View
 | 
Citations
 | 
Details
   print
toggle visibility Cite Options
Home CQL Search  |  Library Search  |  Show Record  |  Extract Citations Help