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Author |
Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Hippocampus and memory in a food-storing and in a nonstoring bird species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioral neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
946-964 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Attention/physiology; Birds/*physiology; Brain Mapping; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Organ Size/physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Retention (Psychology)/physiology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
Food-storing birds maintain in memory a large and constantly changing catalog of the locations of stored food. The hippocampus of food-storing black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) is proportionally larger than that of nonstoring dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Chickadees perform better than do juncos in an operant test of spatial non-matching-to-sample (SNMTS), and chickadees are more resistant to interference in this paradigm. Hippocampal lesions attenuate performance in SNMTS and increase interference. In tests of continuous spatial alternation (CSA), juncos perform better than chickadees. CSA performance also declines following hippocampal lesions. By itself, sensitivity of a given task to hippocampal damage does not predict the direction of memory differences between storing and nonstoring species. |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov |
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0735-7044 |
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Notes  |
PMID:8918998 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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375 |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
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Title |
Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
270-281 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; *Ceremonial Behavior; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Female; Fruit; Imitative Behavior/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Practice (Psychology); Problem Solving/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Imitation was studied experimentally by allowing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to observe alternative patterns of actions for opening a specially designed “artificial fruit.” Like problematic foods primates deal with naturally, with the test fruit several defenses had to be removed to gain access to an edible core, but the sequential order and method of defense removal could be systematically varied. Each subject repeatedly observed 1 of 2 alternative techniques for removing each defense and 1 of 2 alternative sequential patterns of defense removal. Imitation of sequential organization emerged after repeated cycles of demonstration and attempts at opening the fruit. Imitation in chimpanzees may thus have some power to produce cultural convergence, counter to the supposition that individual learning processes corrupt copied actions. Imitation of sequential organization was accompanied by imitation of some aspects of the techniques that made up the sequence. |
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Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. a.whiten@st-andrews.ac.uk |
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0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:9770315 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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743 |
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