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Author Apple, J.K.; Kegley, E.B.; Galloway, D.L.; Wistuba, T.J.; Rakes, L.K.
Title Duration of restraint and isolation stress as a model to study the dark-cutting condition in cattle Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 83 Issue 5 Pages 1202-1214
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Abstract Holstein steer calves (n = 32; 156 {+/-} 33.2 kg average BW) were used to evaluate the duration of restraint and isolation stress (RIS) on endocrine and blood metabolite status and the incidence of dark-cutting LM. Calves were blocked by BW and assigned randomly within blocks to one of four stressor treatments: unstressed controls (NS) or a single bout of RIS for 2, 4, or 6 h. Venous blood was collected via indwelling jugular catheters at 40, 20, and 0 min before stressor application and at 20-min intervals during RIS. Unstressed calves remained in their home stanchions and, except for blood sampling, were subjected to minimal handling and stress. Serum cortisol and plasma lactate concentrations were increased (P <0.01) during the first 20 min after RIS application, and remained elevated throughout the 6 h of RIS. Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were greater (P <0.05) in RIS calves than in NS calves after 80 and 100 min of stressor application, respectively; however, RIS did not (P >0.80) affect plasma NEFA concentrations. Calves were slaughtered within 20 min of completion of RIS, and muscle samples were excised from right-side LM at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after exsanguination for quantifying LM pH, and glycogen and lactate concentrations. The pH of the LM from calves subjected to 6 h of RIS exceeded 6.0, and was greater (P <0.05) at 24 and 48 h postmortem than the pH of NS calves or calves subjected to 2 or 4 h RIS. Muscle glycogen concentrations did not differ (P = 0.16; 25.58, 10.41, 13.80, and 14.41 {micro}mol/g of wet tissue weight for NS and 2-, 4-, and 6-h RIS, respectively), and LM lactate concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in calves subjected to 6 h of RIS. At 48 h after exsanguination, the LM from calves subjected to 6 h of RIS had more (P <0.05) bound and less (P <0.05) free moisture than did the LM from NS calves or calves subjected to 2 or 4 h of RIS. Additionally, the LM from RIS calves was darker (lower L* values; P <0.05) than the LM of NS calves. Visual color scores for the LM were greatest (P < 0.05) for calves subjected to 6 h of RIS and least (P <0.05) for NS calves. Subjecting lightweight Holstein calves to 6, 4, and 2 h of RIS resulted in six (75%), two (25%), and two (25%) carcasses characteristic of the dark-cutting condition, respectively. There were no dark-cutting carcasses produced from NS calves. Thus, RIS may be a reliable animal model with which to study the formation of the dark-cutting condition. N1 -
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2948
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Author Schiffman, S.S.
Title Livestock odors: implications for human health and well-being Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 76 Issue 5 Pages 1343-1355
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2949
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Author Anderson JR; Gallup GG
Title Self-recognition in Saguinus? A critical essay Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 54 Issue Pages 1563
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2978
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Author Bugnyar T; Huber L
Title Push or pull: an experimental study on imitation in marmosets Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 54 Issue Pages 817
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2984
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Author Cheney DL; Seyfarth RM
Title Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge: examining monkeys' attribution of mental states Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 40 Issue Pages 742
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2987
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Author Gallup GG; Povinelli DJ; Suarez SD; Anderson JR; Lethmate J; Menzel EW
Title Further reflections on self-recognition in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 50 Issue Pages 1525
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2999
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Author Hauser MD; Kralik J
Title Life beyond the mirror: a reply to Anderson & Gallup Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 54 Issue Pages 1568
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3002
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Author Heyes CM
Title Reflections on self-recognition in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 47 Issue Pages 909
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3005
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Author Heyes CM
Title Self-recognition in primates: further reflections create a hall of mirrors Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 50 Issue Pages 1533
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3006
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Author Heyes CM
Title Self-recognition in primates: irreverence, irrelevance and irony Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 51 Issue Pages 470
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3007
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