Records |
Author |
Pell, S.M.; McGreevy, P.D. |
Title |
Prevalence of stereotypic and other problem behaviours in thoroughbred horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Australian Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust Vet J |
Volume |
77 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
678-679 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses/*psychology; New South Wales/epidemiology; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; *Stereotyped Behavior |
Abstract |
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Address |
Department of Animal Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales |
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English |
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ISSN |
0005-0423 |
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PMID:10590799 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1927 |
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Author |
Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. |
Title |
Reproduction in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
13-18 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Female; Horses/*physiology; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population; Reproduction; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance; Sucking Behavior |
Abstract |
A behavioural study of feral horses was conducted on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in the western United States. All 270 horses on the Range were identified individually. The sex ratio was nearly balanced. Foal to adult female ratio was 43-2:100. Morality was concentrated among foals and old horses. Horses were organized as forty-four harem groups each with a dominant stallion, one to two immature stallions, one to three immature mares, one to three adult mares and their yearling and foal offspring, and 23 bachelor groups of one to eight stallions. Harem groups were quite stable year-round because of dominance and leadership by the stallions and group fidelity by mares and their offsring. Most changes occurred during the breeding season and involved immature females. Defeat of dominant stallions was infrequent. Immature males were tolerated because of their submissive behaviour. Bachelor stallion groups were inherently unstable. Mares came into heat after foaling in May/June, and were mated by harem stallions only. |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0449-3087 |
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PMID:1060766 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1964 |
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Author |
Belonje, P.C.; van Niekerk, C.H. |
Title |
A review of the influence of nutrition upon the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
167-169 |
Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; *Estrus; Female; Fertility; Fetal Resorption/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Pregnancy |
Abstract |
Attention is drawn to the beneficial effect of improved nutrition during winter and early spring on the ovarian activity of mares. Furthermore, the necessity of an adequate plane of nutrition during early pregnancy to prevent embryonic resorption is stressed. |
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English |
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0449-3087 |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
PMID:1060772 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2225 |
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Author |
Abbruzzetti, S.; Crema, E.; Masino, L.; Vecli, A.; Viappiani, C.; Small, J.R.; Libertini, L.J.; Small, E.W. |
Title |
Fast events in protein folding: structural volume changes accompanying the early events in the N-->I transition of apomyoglobin induced by ultrafast pH jump |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys J |
Volume |
78 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
405-415 |
Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Horses; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Protein Conformation; *Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence |
Abstract |
Ultrafast, laser-induced pH jump with time-resolved photoacoustic detection has been used to investigate the early protonation steps leading to the formation of the compact acid intermediate (I) of apomyoglobin (ApoMb). When ApoMb is in its native state (N) at pH 7.0, rapid acidification induced by a laser pulse leads to two parallel protonation processes. One reaction can be attributed to the binding of protons to the imidazole rings of His24 and His119. Reaction with imidazole leads to an unusually large contraction of -82 +/- 3 ml/mol, an enthalpy change of 8 +/- 1 kcal/mol, and an apparent bimolecular rate constant of (0.77 +/- 0.03) x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1). Our experiments evidence a rate-limiting step for this process at high ApoMb concentrations, characterized by a value of (0. 60 +/- 0.07) x 10(6) s(-1). The second protonation reaction at pH 7. 0 can be attributed to neutralization of carboxylate groups and is accompanied by an apparent expansion of 3.4 +/- 0.2 ml/mol, occurring with an apparent bimolecular rate constant of (1.25 +/- 0.02) x 10(11) M(-1) s(-1), and a reaction enthalpy of about 2 kcal/mol. The activation energy for the processes associated with the protonation of His24 and His119 is 16.2 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol, whereas that for the neutralization of carboxylates is 9.2 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol. At pH 4.5 ApoMb is in a partially unfolded state (I) and rapid acidification experiments evidence only the process assigned to carboxylate protonation. The unusually large contraction and the high energetic barrier observed at pH 7.0 for the protonation of the His residues suggests that the formation of the compact acid intermediate involves a rate-limiting step after protonation. |
Address |
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0006-3495 |
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PMID:10620304 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3792 |
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Author |
Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L.; Schamhardt, H.C.; van Wessum, R. |
Title |
The effects of a rider's mass on ground reaction forces and fetlock kinematics at the trot |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
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Pages |
218-221 |
Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; Computer Simulation; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing/*physiology |
Abstract |
Ground reaction force (GRF) measurements are often normalised to body mass to facilitate inter-individual comparisons. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of a rider on the GRFs and fetlock joint kinematics of trotting horses. The subjects were 5 dressage-trained horses and 3 experienced dressage riders. Ground reaction force measurements and sagittal view videotapes were recorded as the horses trotted at the same velocity in hand (3.49 +/- 0.52 m/s) and with a rider (3.49 +/- 0.46 m/s). Data were time-normalised to stance duration. Ground reaction force measurements were expressed in absolute terms and normalised to the system mass (horse or horse plus rider). All the horses showed changes in the same direction when comparing the ridden condition with the in-hand condition. There was an increase in the absolute peak vertical GRFs of the fore- and hindlimbs with a rider. However, the mass-normalised peak vertical GRFs were lower for the ridden condition, with the peak occurring later in the forelimbs and earlier in the hindlimbs compared with the inhand condition. Maximal fetlock angle and its time of occurrence were similar for the 2 conditions, but the fore fetlock joint was more extended during the later part of the stance phase in ridden horses. The presence of a rider appeared to affect the GRFs and fetlock joint kinematics differently in the fore- and hindlimbs, and the ridden horse did not seem to be equivalent to a proportionately larger horse. This should be considered when normalising for body mass in studies comparing horses in hand and ridden horses. |
Address |
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA |
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English |
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PMID:10659255 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3733 |
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Author |
Miyashita, Y.; Nakajima, S.; Imada, H. |
Title |
Panel-touch behavior of horses established by an autoshaping procedure |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Psychological Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Rep |
Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 Pt 1 |
Pages |
867-868 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology; Horses/physiology; *Touch |
Abstract |
Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0033-2941 |
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PMID:10672748 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1926 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Minero, M.; Canali, E.; Ferrante, V.; Verga, M.; Odberg, F.O. |
Title |
Heart rate and behavioural responses of crib-biting horses to two acute stressors |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
Volume |
145 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
430-433 |
Keywords |
Acute Disease; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Female; Heart Rate/*physiology; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Stress/physiopathology/psychology/*veterinary |
Abstract |
The heart rate and behaviour of 14 adult saddle horses, eight crib-biters and six normal controls, were investigated. Initially, the relationship between crib-biting and heart rate was investigated while the horses were undisturbed. The horses were tested when restrained with a lip twitch, and assessed when they were exposed suddenly to the rapid inflation of a balloon. The heart rate of the crib-biters during crib-biting was lower than during other behaviours. The crib-biters had a higher overall mean heart rate (P<0.05) suggesting that they may have had a higher basal sympathetic activity. After the application of the twitch, all the horses had a transient increase in heart rate which returned to basal values more rapidly in the crib-biters. The crib-biters were less reactive to the lip twitch, five of the six investigated remaining calm, and after the release of the twitch, they spent more time nibbling (P<0.05) than the control horses. The crib-biters reacted more strongly to the inflation of the balloon (three of the six reacted), and after it had been inflated they spent more time walking in the box. |
Address |
Instituto di Zootecnica Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy |
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English |
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ISSN |
0042-4900 |
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PMID:10755589 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1921 |
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Author |
Miller, R.M. |
Title |
The revolution in horsemanship |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume |
216 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1232-1233 |
Keywords |
*Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Horses/psychology; Humans; *Physical Conditioning, Animal |
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English |
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ISSN |
0003-1488 |
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PMID:10767957 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1925 |
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Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Whittemore, J. |
Title |
The role of the equine practitioner in disasters |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume |
216 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1238-1239 |
Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/education; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Disaster Planning; *Horses; *Natural Disasters; United States; *Veterinary Medicine |
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Address |
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
0003-1488 |
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Notes ![sorted by Notes field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
PMID:10767959 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4055 |
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Author |
Marc, M.; Parvizi, N.; Ellendorff, F.; Kallweit, E.; Elsaesser, F. |
Title |
Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations in the warmblood horse in response to a standardized treadmill exercise test as physiological markers for evaluation of training status |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
Volume |
78 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1936-1946 |
Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood/diagnostic use; Animals; Catheterization/veterinary; Exercise Test; Horses/*blood; Hydrocortisone/*blood; Male; *Physical Conditioning, Animal |
Abstract |
Reliable physiological markers for performance evaluation in sport horses are missing. To determine the diagnostic value of plasma ACTH and cortisol measurements in the warmblood horse, 10 initially 3-yr-old geldings of the Hannovarian breed were either exposed to a training schedule or served as controls. During experimental Phase 1, horses were group-housed, and half of the horses were trained for 20 wk on a high-speed treadmill. During Phase 2, groups were switched and one group was trained for 10 wk as during Phase 1, whereas the control group was confined to boxes. During Phase 3 horses were initially schooled for riding. Thereafter, all horses were regularly schooled for dressage and jumping, and half of the horses received an additional endurance training for 24 wk. During all phases horses were exposed at regular intervals to various standardized treadmill exercise tests. During and after the tests frequent blood samples were taken from an indwelling jugular catheter for determination of ACTH and cortisol. Treadmill exercise increased both hormones. Maximum ACTH concentrations were recorded at the end of exercise, and maximum cortisol levels were recorded 20 to 30 min later. Except for one test there were no differences in ACTH levels between trained horses and controls. There was no significant effect of training on the cortisol response (net increase) to treadmill exercise in any of the tests during Phase 1. During Phase 2 higher cortisol responses were recorded in controls than in trained horses (P < .05) after 10 wk of training (controls confined to boxes). During Phase 3 plasma cortisol responses were also higher in controls than in trained horses (P < .05 after 6, 18, and 24, P < or = .07 after 12 wk of training) when the inclination of the treadmill was 5%, but not at 3%. There was no overlap in net cortisol responses at 30 min between trained and untrained horses. An ACTH application after 24 wk of training resulted in higher cortisol responses in controls than in trained horses (P < or = .05), without any overlap between the groups at 30 min after ACTH. Plasma cortisol responses to either treadmill exercise or ACTH injection may be a reliable physiological marker for performance evaluation. Prerequisites are sufficient differences in training status and sufficient intensity of exercise test conditions. |
Address |
Institute of Animal Science and Animal Behaviour, Federal Agricultural Research Center (FAL) Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany |
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English |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:10907837 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3732 |
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