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Author |
Houpt, K. A.; Boyd L. |
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Title |
Social Behaviour |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Przewalski's horse |
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State university of New York Press |
Place of Publication |
Albany |
Editor |
Boyd L.; Houpt, K. A. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5433 |
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Author |
Irvine, C.H.G.; Alexander, S.L. |
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Title |
Factors affecting the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Domestic Animal Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
227-238 |
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Abstract |
In horses, a circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations has been reported in some but not all studies. When a rhythm occurred, horses were accustomed to a management routine, comprising stabling, feeding and sometimes exercise, which may entrain a circadian pattern. In this work, we monitored plasma cortisol by collecting jugular blood through indwelling cannulae from four groups: 1): 10 untrained, unperturbed mares grazing excess pasture, bled hourly for 26 hr; 2) 4 mares housed in a barn for 48 hr before sampling every 15 min for 20–24 hr; 3) 5 mares placed in an outdoor yard for sampling every 30 min from 0930–2100 hr; and 4) 4 stabled racehorses in training, bled every 30 min from 0730–2000 hr and once the following morning at 0830 hr. Plasma cortisol showed a similarly-timed circadian rhythm (P<0.0001) in all Group 1 horses, with a peak at 0600–0900 hr, and a nadir at 1800–2100 hr. By contrast, cortisol concentrations did not vary with time in either Group 2 or 3. Neither daily mean nor peak cortisol values differed in Group 1 and 2 (i.e. bled for >= 20 hr); however nadir values were higher (P<0.05) in Group 2. In Group 4, cortisol declined (P=0.004) during the sampling period but had returned to initial concentrations the next morning. Values did not differ from those for Group 1, except between 1000 and 1300 hr when cortisol in Group 4 was lower (P<0.05). We conclude that a circadian cortisol rhythm exists in horses in the absence of any known cues imposed by humans. However, this rhythm can be obliterated by the minor perturbation of removing the horse from its accustomed environment. By contrast, the rhythm occurs in trained racehorses, suggesting either that they have adapted to their environment thereby allowing an endogenous rhythm to emerge, or that the rhythm is entrained by their daily routine. These observations highlight the difficulties in determining the cortisol status of a horse, since measurements will be affected by time of day, the occurrence of short-term fluctuations, and how accustomed the horse is to its environment. |
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0739-7240 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5590 |
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Author |
Thun, R.; Schwarz-Porsche, D. |
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Title |
Nebennierenrinde |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1994 |
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Veterinärmedizinische Endokrinologie. |
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3. Aufl. |
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309-351 |
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Verlag Gustav Fischer |
Place of Publication |
Jena, Stuttgart |
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F.H.Döcke |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5998 |
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Author |
Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
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Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
British Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
British Birds |
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42 |
Pages |
347-357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6525 |
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Author |
Byrne R.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour and Evolution |
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223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge,UK |
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P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H. |
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Title |
Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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48 |
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Pages |
473-475 |
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Notes |
10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4888 |
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Author |
Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. |
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Title |
Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Int J Neurosci |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Neuroscience |
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78 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
123-134 |
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Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology |
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We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. |
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Informa Clin Med |
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0020-7454 |
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doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5777 |
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Author |
Boyd, L.; Houpt, K..A. |
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Title |
Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1994 |
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SUNY Press |
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313 |
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SUNY Press |
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9780791418895 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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971 |
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Author |
Huber W, |
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Title |
Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Spixiana 17 |
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193-199 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1208 |
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Author |
Stevens,J.A. |
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Title |
Zebras in Turmoil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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International Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int Wildl |
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24 |
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4-12 |
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ISSN |
0020-9112 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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1633 |
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