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Author |
Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Heusner, G.L. |
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Title |
Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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68 |
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4 |
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319-337 |
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Dominance relationships; Horse; Sex differences; Social ontogeny; aggregation; parent-offspring interaction; social behavior |
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Aggression and social spacing were studied in 14 light horse mares and their foals living at pasture. Focal samples were collected on each mare-foal dyad for 6 to 10.5 h from 2 months of foal age until weaning at approximately 4 months of age. Observations on foals continued until approximately 6 months of age for 7.5 to 10.5 h per foal. Every 2 min the identities of all individuals within 5 m were recorded. All occurrences of agonistic behavior, and the participants, were recorded during the focal samples. In addition, during feeding of supplemental grain, all occurrences of agonistic behavior by all subjects were recorded. Significant correlations were found between mare rank and the rank of foals both prior to and after weaning. Before weaning, the rank of the foal was significantly correlated with birth order. No significant correlation between birth order and foal rank was found for the post-weaning hierarchy. An animal's gender had no significant effect on foal rank or the choice of preferred associate. Both prior to and after weaning, foals associated preferentially with the foal of their dam's most preferred associate. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between rank of mares and foals and the rate at which they directed aggression to other herd members. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus |
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refbase @ user @ |
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788 |
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Gough, M.R. |
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A note on the use of behavioural modification to aid clipping ponies |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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63 |
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2 |
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171-175 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 3; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4518 |
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Manson, J.H. |
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Title |
Measuring female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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44 |
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405-416 |
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Few studies of female mate choice have been carried out among free-ranging non-human primates. To qualify as female mate choice, behaviour by oestrous females must predict the occurrence or rate of potentially fertile copulations, in comparisons between heterosexual dyads. In this paper, data are presented to show three behaviour patterns that meet this criterion in free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, at the island colony of Cayo Santiago: (1) selective cooperation with male sexual solicitations (hip-grasps), (2) restoration of proximity following attacks on females by intruding males, and (3) proximity maintenance (in one of two study groups). Oestrous females maintained proximity preferentially to lower ranking males, but this appeared to reflect differences in the tactics necessary to achieve copulations with males of different dominance ranks, rather than preference for lower ranking mates. Male-oestrous female dyads showed consistency over two consecutive mating seasons in which partner was responsible for proximity maintenance. Male dominance rank was positively correlated with copulatory rate with fertile females. However, in one study group, males to whom oestrous females maintained proximity more actively had higher copulatory rates with fertile females, independent of the effects of male dominance rank. |
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10.1016/0003-3472(92)90051-A |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4889 |
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Author |
Aureli, F.; Cossolino, R.; Cordischi, C.; Scucchi, S. |
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Title |
Kin-oriented redirection among Japanese macaques: an expression of a revenge system? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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44 |
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2 |
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283-291 |
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The ability to recognize the close associates of other group members may permit the display of redirected aggression against the relatives of the former aggressor. However, the dominance structure and the kin-based alliance system of macaque society are expected not to favour the occurrence of this kin-oriented redirection. Nevertheless, within 1 h of being the victim of an attack, Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, were more likely to attack the former aggressor's kin than without such a conflict. The conditions under which the victim redirected against the former aggressor's kin were investigated. This kin-oriented redirection did not occur preferentially either after conflicts between individuals with unstable and/or uncertain dominance relationships or after conflicts with individuals that were unlikely to intervene in favour of their kin. Victims redirected against individuals that were younger than the former aggressor and often subordinate to the victim. They also redirected in an opportunistic way by joining polyadic interactions against the former aggressor's kin. The possibility that this kin-oriented redirection may have a long-term function in changing the aggressive attitude of the aggressor towards the victim is also discussed. In addition, the victim's kin also displayed a form of kin-oriented redirection. They were more likely to attack the kin of an individual after it had attacked their own kin. |
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10.1016/0003-3472(92)90034-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4867 |
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Author |
Parker, G.A.; MacNair, M.R. |
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Title |
Models of parent-offspring conflict. I. Monogamy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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26 |
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97-110 |
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Theoretical models for Trivers (1974) concept of parent-offspring conflict are examined for species in which the effects of the conflict are felt by full sibs. A rare conflictor gene will spread if Image , whereÆ’(m) is the fitness gained by a conflictor relative to a non-conflictor offspring (Æ’(m) >1), and m is the amount of parental investment taken by a conflictor relative to m = 1 for a non-conflictor. The range of m alleles which can spread against the parent optimum decreases as the cost to the parent increases until a point is reached where there is no conflict of evolutionary interests. There would be no polymorphism for conflictor: non-conflictor alleles unless special conditions prevail. The conflictor allele which spreads most rapidly as a rare mutant against the parental optimum is not an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). The ESS for parent-offspring conflict in monogamous species has m0 = Æ’(m0)/2[dÆ’(m0)/dm0]. The analytical solutions are confirmed throughout by simulations. |
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10.1016/0003-3472(78)90009-X |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4901 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H. |
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Title |
Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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48 |
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473-475 |
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10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4888 |
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Mulder, R.A.; Langmore, N.E. |
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Dominant males punish helpers for temporary defection in superb fairy-wrens |
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1993 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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45 |
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830-833 |
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10.1006/anbe.1993.1100 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4922 |
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Gorecka, A.; Golonka, M.; Chruszczewski, M.; Jezierski, T. |
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A note on behaviour and heart rate in horses differing in facial hair whorl |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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105 |
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1-3 |
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244-248 |
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Horse; Hair whorls; Behavioural tests; Reactivity; Heart rate |
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The relationship between facial hair whorl position and reactivity, as assessed by behavioural measures (handling score = HS; startle reaction to a suddenly appearing novel object = SR; latency to touch a novel object = LNO) and heart rate measures (mean HR; increase in heart rate = IHR) were studied using 55 Konik horses reared either under conventional stable conditions or in the forest reserve. Horses were classified into four groups according to the whorl position and/or shape: (1) high, single whorl above the top eye line, n = 9; (2) medium, single whorl between the top and the bottom eye line, n = 30; (3) low, single whorl below the bottom eye line, n = 10; and (4) elongated or double whorl, n = 6. Horses with a high whorl position demonstrated a lesser degree of manageability as expressed by a lower HS compared to individuals with medium (P = 0.002) or low whorl positions (P = 0.016). Horses with different whorl positions did not differ significantly in their startle response to a suddenly appearing novel object (P = 0.685). The horses with an elongated or double whorl, which appeared only in the forest group, took significantly longer to approach the novel object than horses with medium (P = 0.006) or low (P = 0.005) whorl positions. No significant differences in mean HR and IHR between groups (HR: P = 0.629 and IHR: P = 0.214) were found. In conclusion, this study supports the relationship between the position of the hair whorl on the horses' head and their manageability during handling, as well as the latency to approach an unknown object. |
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460 |
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NICOLA J. ROONEY & JOHN W. S. BRADSHAW |
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Title |
Social cognition in the domestic dog: behaviour of spectators towards participants in interspecific games |
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2005 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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72 |
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2 |
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343-352 |
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previous termSocial cognition,next term in particular the derivation of previous termsocialnext term information from observation of interactions between members of a previous termsocialnext term group, has been widely investigated in primates, but it has received little attention in other previous termsocialnext term mammals, although it has been anecdotally reported in the previous termdomestic dog,next term Canis familiaris. We recorded the behaviour of previous termdogsnext term (“spectators”) that had observed controlled interactions between a human and a previous termdognext term (the “demonstrator”) competing for an object, and that were subsequently allowed to interact freely with both participants. When the competitions were playful, as indicated by signals performed by the human, the spectator was more likely to approach the winner first and/or more rapidly, suggesting that winners of games are perceived as desirable previous termsocialnext term partners. When the human did not perform play signals, changing the previous termsocialnext term context from play to contest over a resource, spectators were slower to approach either of the participants, suggesting that participants in contests were less desirable as previous termsocialnext term partners than participants in games. If the previous termdognext term was prevented from seeing the game, it still reacted differently to the winner and the loser, but its behaviour was not the same as after games that it had seen. We conclude that spectator previous termdogsnext term gain information from the players' subsequent behaviour as well as from direct observation of the game. |
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N. J. Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, U.K. |
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Anthrozoology Institute, University of Bristol, U.K. |
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Mateo, J.M. |
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The nature and representation of individual recognition odours in Belding's ground squirrels |
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2006 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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71 |
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1 |
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141-154 |
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In many taxonomic groups, odours provide cues to species identity, reproductive status, genetic relatedness and individual identity. These odour cues are often used to mark territories or other resources and to recognize individuals through direct or indirect olfactory investigation. Belding's ground squirrels, Spermophilus beldingi, frequently scent-mark their environment and they also investigate the scent glands of conspecifics, which suggests that odours play a modulating role in their social relationships. I conducted studies to determine what information is conveyed by various S. beldingi odours and whether this information is used by conspecifics for social recognition. Spermophilus beldingi produce a number of cues that are individually distinct, including odours from oral, dorsal, pedal and anal glands and from ears, but apparently not from urine, although it is unclear whether all of these odours are used for social recognition. This discrimination among odours of individuals does not require prior familiarity with the odour bearers. The volatile components of some odours are sufficient to permit individual discrimination, which may explain how animals appear to [`]recognize' each other from a short distance. Finally, S. beldingi incorporate multiple odours into their memories of conspecifics as perception of one odour of an individual generalizes to a second odour from it, suggesting a mental representation of familiar individuals. The production of multiple unique odours may facilitate accurate discrimination of conspecifics along several social dimensions, and some of these odours also vary with relatedness. Together, these results indicate a rich olfactory milieu mediating the social lives of S. beldingi. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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