| Records |
| Author |
Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y |
| Title |
Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
155-174 |
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| Publisher |
Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Ox |
Editor |
S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6537 |
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| Author |
Liker, A.; Bókony, V. |
| Title |
Larger groups are more successful in innovative problem solving in house sparrows |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
7893-7898 |
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| Abstract |
Group living offers well-known benefits to animals, such as better predator avoidance and increased foraging success. An important additional, but so far neglected, advantage is that groups may cope more effectively with unfamiliar situations through faster innovations of new solutions by some group members. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by presenting a new foraging task of opening a familiar feeder in an unfamiliar way to house sparrows in small and large groups (2 versus 6 birds). Group size had strong effects on problem solving: sparrows performed 4 times more and 11 times faster openings in large than in small groups, and all members of large groups profited by getting food sooner (7 times on average). Independently from group size, urban groups were more successful than rural groups. The disproportionately higher success in large groups was not a mere consequence of higher number of attempts, but was also related to a higher effectiveness of problem solving (3 times higher proportion of successful birds). The analyses of the birds' behavior suggest that the latter was not explained by either reduced investment in antipredator vigilance or reduced neophobia in large groups. Instead, larger groups may contain more diverse individuals with different skills and experiences, which may increase the chance of solving the task by some group members. Increased success in problem solving may promote group living in animals and may help them to adapt quickly to new situations in rapidly-changing environments. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6538 |
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| Author |
Morand-Ferron, J.; Quinn, J.L. |
| Title |
Larger groups of passerines are more efficient problem solvers in the wild |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
38 |
Pages |
15898-15903 |
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| Abstract |
Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions. Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group living in animals generally might be increased innovative problem-solving efficiency. This benefit has never been demonstrated in a natural context, however, and the mechanisms underlying improved efficiency are largely unknown. We examined the problem-solving performance of great and blue tits at automated devices and found that efficiency increased with flock size. This relationship held when restricting the analysis to naive individuals, demonstrating that larger groups increased innovation efficiency. In addition to this effect of naive flock size, the presence of at least one experienced bird increased the frequency of solving, and larger flocks were more likely to contain experienced birds. These findings provide empirical evidence for the “pool of competence” hypothesis in nonhuman animals. The probability of success also differed consistently between individuals, a necessary condition for the pool of competence hypothesis. Solvers had a higher probability of success when foraging with a larger number of companions and when using devices located near rather than further from protective tree cover, suggesting a role for reduced predation risk on problem-solving efficiency. In contrast to traditional group living theory, individuals joining larger flocks benefited from a higher seed intake, suggesting that group living facilitated exploitation of a novel food source through improved problem-solving efficiency. Together our results suggest that both ecological and social factors, through reduced predation risk and increased pool of competence, mediate innovation in natural populations. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6539 |
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| Author |
Burden, F.; Thiemann, A. |
| Title |
Donkeys Are Different |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
376-382 |
| Keywords |
Donkey; Ass; Equid; Mule |
| Abstract |
As a unique species of equine, the donkey has certain specific variations from the horse. This review highlights the origins of the donkey and how this impacts on its behavior, physiology, and propensity to disease. The donkey is less of a flight animal and has been used by humans for pack and draught work, in areas where their ability to survive poorer diets, and transboundary disease while masking overt signs of pain and distress has made them indispensable to human livelihoods. When living as a companion animal, however, the donkey easily accumulates adipose tissue, and this may create a metabolically compromised individual prone to diseases of excess such as laminitis and hyperlipemia. They show anatomic variations from the horse especially in the hoof, upper airway, and their conformation. Variations in physiology lead to differences in the metabolism and distribution of many drugs. With over 44 million donkeys worldwide, it is important that veterinarians have the ability to understand and treat this equid effectively. |
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0737-0806 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6541 |
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| Author |
Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. |
| Title |
Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner |
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| Year |
1997 |
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Enke |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6542 |
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| Author |
Nissen, J. |
| Title |
Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1998 |
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Kosmos |
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Stuttgart |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6543 |
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| Author |
Krösbacher, A. E. |
| Title |
Das Arabische Vollblut: Eine kontrovers diskutierte Rasse: Was steckt wirklich hinter der Zucht dieser edlen Pferde? |
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2008 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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University for Veterinarian Medicine Vienna |
Place of Publication |
Vienna |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6544 |
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| Author |
Bödeker, E. |
| Title |
Maultierzucht und Maultierhaltung |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1908 |
Publication |
Handbuch der gesamten Landwirtschaft. |
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3 |
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46 |
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Max Jänecke |
Place of Publication |
Hannover |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6545 |
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| Author |
Greenberg, R. |
| Title |
The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6547 |
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| Author |
Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K. |
| Title |
Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
83-116 |
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| Publisher |
Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6548 |
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