Records |
Author |
Pocock Rj, |
Title |
The coloration of the Quaggas |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
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Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
68 |
Issue |
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Pages |
356-357 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1480 |
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Author |
Welsh Da, |
Title |
The life of Sable Island's wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature Canada |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
7-14 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1701 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Cultural primatology comes of age |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
635-636 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385107 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
196 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees |
Type |
|
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
647-648 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385114 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
195 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Goodall, J.; McGrew, W.C.; Nishida, T.; Reynolds, V.; Sugiyama, Y.; Tutin, C.E.; Wrangham, R.W.; Boesch, C. |
Title |
Cultures in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
682-685 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures but previously unrecognised in non-human species. |
Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385119 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
742 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
Abstract |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; McGrew, W.C. |
Title |
Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? |
Type |
|
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
409 |
Issue |
6816 |
Pages |
12 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Philately |
Abstract |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11343083 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
739 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. |
Title |
Horses damp the spring in their step |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
414 |
Issue |
6866 |
Pages |
895-899 |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration |
Abstract |
The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11780059 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2300 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
Title |
Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle |
Type |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
419 |
Issue |
6910 |
Pages |
885-886 |
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight |
Abstract |
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English |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12410290 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
769 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. |
Title |
Group decision-making in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
421 |
Issue |
6919 |
Pages |
155-158 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior |
Abstract |
Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans. |
Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12520299 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5136 |
Permanent link to this record |