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Author Dalin, G.; Magnusson, L.E.; Thafvelin, B.C.
Title Retrospective study of hindquarter asymmetry in Standardbred trotters and its correlation with performance Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Equine Vet. J. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 17 Issue Pages 292-296
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Notes (down) Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 24 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 4579
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Author Kummer, H.; Goodall, J.
Title Conditions of Innovative Behaviour in Primates Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal
Volume 308 Issue 1135 Pages 203-214
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Abstract Innovative behaviour achieved through exploration, learning and insight heavily depends on certain motivational, social and ecological conditions of short duration. We propose that more attention should be given to what these conditions are and where they are realized in natural groups of non-human primates. Only to the extent that such favourable conditions were frequently realized in a social structure or an extraspecific environment could selective pressures act on innovative abilities. There is hope that research into field conditions of innovative behaviour will help to identify its selectors in evolution.
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Notes (down) 10.1098/rstb.1985.0020 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5751
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Author Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E.
Title Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects Type Book Chapter
Year 1985 Publication Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 173-86
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Publisher Camebridge University Press Place of Publication Camebridge Editor Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.;
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 819
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Author Chase, I.D.
Title The sequential analysis of aggressive acts during hierarchy formation: an application of the `jigsaw puzzle' approach Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 86-100
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Abstract The `jigsaw puzzle' approach is a general method for investigating how interactions among individuals cumulate to form the overall patterns of dominance behaviour in groups. Here, the model is used to discover how aggressive interactions between pairs of individuals modify subsequent interactions with bystanders or third parties. The model indicates that four sequences of successive, aggressive acts are possible in component triads of larger groups: two ensure transitive attack relationships and two can lead to either transitive or intransitive relationships. An application of the model to 14 groups of four hens demonstrates that the two sequences guaranteeing transitivity make up 77% of all sequences. More specifically, hens attacking one group member usually go on to attack a second member, and hens receiving one attack frequently receive a second attack from a bystander. In contrast, an attacked hen rarely `redirects' an attack to a bystander, and a bystander rarely attacks a group member who has just attacked another individual. The application of the jigsaw puzzle approach to aggressive sequences in other species is discussed. Data available for several primate species corroborate the findings in hens and provide support for the method as a general tool for investigating the proximate mechanisms of hierarchy formation.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 856
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Author Berger J.
Title Interspecific Interactions and Dominance among Wild Great Basin Ungulates Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal J. Mamm.
Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages . 571-573
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2231
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Author Berger, J.; Rudman, R.
Title Predation and Interactions between Coyotes and Feral Horse Foals Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication ournal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal J. Mammal.
Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 401-402
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Call Number Serial 2017
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Author Chu, G.Z., et al
Title The summer habitat and population numbers of the Mongolian wild ass in the Kalamaili Mountains Wildlife Reserve, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Acta Zoologica Sinica Abbreviated Journal Acta Zoologica Sinica
Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 178-186
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Language Chineese Summary Language Original Title
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2258
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.; Houpt, K.A.
Title The ontogeny of flehmen in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 739-745
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Abstract Flehmen behaviour in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mares and foals living on pasture was observed during 807 h of focal sampling. A series of flehmens performed at one site was defined as a flehmen incident. Colts exhibited flehmen incidents and performed flehmen more frequently during an incident than did fillies or mares. Filies exhibited flehmen incidents more frequently than did mares, but did not flehmen more frequently during an incident. Colts exhibited a peak frequency of performing flehmen and of flehmen incidents during weeks 1-4 with a subsequent linear decrease in frequency up to weeks 17-20. Usually, flehmen occurred without the subject having had direct contact of the nostrils, lips, or tongue with a possible stimulant. Twenty-six per cent of the flehmen incidents occurred during or after urination by another pony. Seven per cent of the incidents occurred during or after urination by the pony showing flehmen.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2261
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Author Duncan, P.
Title Time-budgets of Camargue horses III. Environmental influences Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 92 Issue Pages 188-208
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2283
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Author Miller, J.A.
Title Telling a quagga by its stripes. (extinct South African animal) Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Science News Abbreviated Journal Sci. News
Volume 128 Issue Pages 70
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Abstract If, in a mix-up at a costume shop, a couple were issued the front half of a zebra suit and the back half of a horse, it could be considered a quagga disguise. But if the masqueraders were pressed as to whether they were more horse or more zebra, the latest biochemical research advises them to insist on zebra.

The quagga, a South African animal extinct for more than 100 years, has been a source of confusion among taxonomists. Some contend, on the basis of the quagga skins preserved in museums, that this front-striped animal is a zebra, either a fourth zebra species or a variant of the Plains zebra, whose hindquarter stripes are dim. But others have argued that the quagga's teeth and skeleton indicate that its nearest relative is the true horse.

Biochemists joined the fray last year when muscle tissue was obtained from a salt-preserved quagga pelt in a West German museum. The tissue yielded both proteins and genes that could be analyzed (SN:6/9/84, p. 356).

Now the analysis has yielded some results. According to “remarkably concordant” findings on the proteins and on the genes, the quagga was a subspecies of the Plains zebra, says Jerold M. Lowenstein of the University of California at San Francisco. He looked at the binding between a sample of quagga proteins and mixtures of antibodies that bind to blood-serum proteins of each of the extant Equus species. The quagga sample bound more of the antibodies against Plains zebra serum than against the other species. Lowenstein calculates that the quagga relationship with the Plains zebra is six times closer than its relationship with the two other zebra species.

“We had to use special techniques to show the difference,” Lowenstein told SCIENCE NEWS. “There is 99 percent identity on the protein level. All the [Equus] species diverged within the past 5 million years, which is only yesterday in evolutionary terms.”

The quagga-Plains zebra relationship is further supported by the analysis of quagga mitochondrial genes performed by Russell Higuchi and Allan Wilson at the University of California at Berkeley. They find seven times as great a difference between quagga and Mountain zebra DNA as they do between quagga and Plains zebra DNA.

“Stripes, the molecules tell us, do make a zebra,” Lowenstein concludes in the July 18 NEW SCIENTIST, “and the half-striped quagga was a Plains zebra.”
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2375
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