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Author |
McLean, A.N. |
Title |
Cognitive abilities -- the result of selective pressures on food acquisition? |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
71 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
241-258 |
Keywords |
Adaptive intelligence; Animal cognition; Darwinian selection; Insightful learning |
Abstract |
Locating and capturing food are suggested as significant selection pressures for the evolution of various cognitive abilities in mammals and birds. The hypothesis is proposed that aspects of food procuring behaviour should be strongly indicative of particular cognitive abilities. Experimental data concerning higher mental abilities in mammals and birds are reviewed. These data deal with self-recognition studies, rule-learning experiments, number concept, deceptive abilities, tool-use and observational learning. A Darwinian approach reveals: (1) the adaptiveness of particular abilities for particular niches, (2) that in complex foraging environments, increases in foraging efficiencies in animals should result from the evolution of particular cognitive abilities, (3) that phenomena such as convergent mental evolution should be expected to have taken place across taxonomic groups for species exploiting similar niches, (4) that divergence in mental ability should also have taken place where related species have exploited dissimilar niches. Experimental data of higher mental abilities in animals concur with a Darwinian explanation for the distribution of these cognitive abilities and no anomalies have been found. There are, as a consequence, significant implications for the welfare of animals subject to training when training methodology gives little or no consideration to the various mental abilities of species. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2907 |
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Watts, J.M. |
Title |
Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2596-2604 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2936 |
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Author |
Swanson, J.C. |
Title |
What are animal science departments doing to address contemporary issues? |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
Volume |
77 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
354-360 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2937 |
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Marshall, T.T.; Hoover, T.S.; Reiling, B.A.; Downs, K.M. |
Title |
Experiential learning in the animal sciences: effect of 13 years of a beef cattle management practicum |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2947-2952 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2938 |
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Daly, M.; Wilson, M.I. |
Title |
Human evolutionary psychology and animal behaviour |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
509-519 |
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Homo sapiensis increasingly being studied within the evolutionary (adaptationist, selectionist) framework favoured by animal behaviour researchers. There are various labels for such work, including evolutionary psychology, human behavioural ecology and human sociobiology. Collectively, we call these areas `human evolutionary psychology' (HEP) because their shared objective is an evolutionary understanding of human information processing and decision making. Sexual selection and sex differences have been especially prominent in recent HEP research, but many other topics have been addressed, including parent-offspring relations, reciprocity and exploitation, foraging strategies and spatial cognition. Many HEP researchers began their scientific careers in animal behaviour, and in many ways, HEP research is scarcely distinguishable from other animal behaviour research. Currently controversial issues in HEP, such as the explanation(s) for observed levels of heritable diversity, the kinds of data needed to test adaptationist hypotheses, and the characterization of a species-typical `environment of evolutionary adaptedness', are issues in animal behaviour as well. What gives HEP a distinct methodological flavour is that the research animal can talk, an ability that has both advantages and pitfalls for researchers. The proper use of self-reports and other verbal data in HEP might usefully become a subject of future research in its own right. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2909 |
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Spinka, M.; Duncan, I.J.H.; Widowski, T.M. |
Title |
Do domestic pigs prefer short-term to medium-term confinement? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
58 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
221-232 |
Keywords |
Cognition; Pig-housing; Preference tests |
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A preference test was used to demonstrate that gilts have the ability to associate two sets of neutral cues with two different periods of confinement and water deprivation and to anticipate the long-term consequences of their choice in the test. Twelve gilts housed in two large, straw-bedded pens were trained to go to two sets of 12 crates, positioned on each side of a choice point, for feeding twice a day. Following initial training, the two sets of crates were marked with contrasting visual patterns and the patterns were associated with either 30 min (`short' confinement) or 240 min (`long' confinement) of confinement in the crates after entry. During 16 days of preference testing, the gilts were sent alternately to one side or the other in the mornings and allowed to choose in the afternoons. Eight gilts chose the short confinement side more often, two, the long confinement side more often and two, each side an equal number of times, indicating that most gilts learned the association and preferred to be released shortly after feeding. However, gilts still chose the long confinement side on occasion, suggesting that they did not find 240 min of confinement very aversive. When the gilts were sent to the crates in the morning, their behaviour indicated that they expected to be released or confined depending on which crate they were in. The cognitive abilities of animals with respect to perception of time and anticipation of future events have important implications for their welfare. This study demonstrates that methods can be developed to ask animals about such things. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2910 |
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Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
Title |
Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
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119-154 |
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Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and . |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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9780120770304 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2913 |
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Author |
Smith, W.J. |
Title |
Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication |
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1998 |
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Animal Cognition in Nature |
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227-243 |
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Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition. |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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9780120770304 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2914 |
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Author |
Beer, C.G. |
Title |
Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition |
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Year |
1998 |
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Animal Cognition in Nature |
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435-456 |
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Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme. |
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Academic Press |
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London |
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Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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9780120770304 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2915 |
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McGlone, J.J.; Hicks, T.A. |
Title |
Teaching standard agricultural practices that are known to be painful |
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1993 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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71 |
Issue |
4 |
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1071-1074 |
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N1 - |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2933 |
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