| Records |
| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
| Address |
Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:10915614 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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187 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? |
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| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
284 |
Issue |
5423 |
Pages |
2073-2076 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:10409060 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2843 |
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| Author |
BERNITSCHKE K et al, |
| Title |
Chromosome complement: differences between Equus caballus and Equus przewalskii, Poliakoff |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1965 |
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Science |
| Volume |
148 |
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382 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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943 |
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| Author |
Berger J, |
| Title |
Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: Implantations for interpreting fossil assemblages |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Science 220 |
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1403-1404 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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937 |
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| Author |
Hildebrand M, |
| Title |
Symmetrial gaits of horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1965 |
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Science |
| Volume |
150 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1185 |
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| Author |
Lowenstein Jm, |
| Title |
The cry of the quagga |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Counterpoints in Science |
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40-42 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1352 |
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| Author |
Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. |
| Title |
Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Int J Neurosci |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Neuroscience |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
123-134 |
| Keywords |
Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology |
| Abstract |
We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. |
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Informa Clin Med |
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0020-7454 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5777 |
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| Author |
van Breda, E. |
| Title |
A non-natural head-neck position (rollkur) during training results in less acute stress in elite trained dressage horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
59-64 |
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| Abstract |
This study measured parameters of stress in recreational, trained horses (REC; n = 7) and elite (International Grand Prix level) trained, dressage horses (DRES; n = 5). The training of the DRES horses uses an unnatural head?neck position (Rollkur), whereas in the REC horses such training techniques are not common. The study measured stress by using heart rate variability analysis for 30 min postfeeding in the morning and 30 min postexercise after a morning training session. The study found no significant difference at rest between the REC and DRES horses. During the posttraining measurements, however, the DRES horses showed, among others, a less sympathetic and increased parasympathetic dominance. These results suggest that DRES horses tend to have less acute stress than do REC horses postexercise. The findings of this study suggest maintaining the health and well-being of DRES horses despite nonnatural, biomechanical positions. |
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Routledge |
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1088-8705 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0901_5 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5639 |
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| Author |
Marr, I.; Preisler, V.; Farmer, K.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. |
| Title |
Non-invasive stress evaluation in domestic horses (Equus caballus): impact of housing conditions on sensory laterality and immunoglobulin A |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Royal Society Open Science |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
191994 |
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| Abstract |
The study aimed to evaluate sensory laterality and concentration of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) as non-invasive measures of stress in horses by comparing them with the already established measures of motor laterality and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). Eleven three-year-old horses were exposed to known stressful situations (change of housing, initial training) to assess the two new parameters. Sensory laterality initially shifted significantly to the left and faecal FGMs were significantly increased on the change from group to individual housing and remained high through initial training. Motor laterality shifted significantly to the left after one week of individual stabling. Faecal IgA remained unchanged throughout the experiment. We therefore suggest that sensory laterality may be helpful in assessing acute stress in horses, especially on an individual level, as it proved to be an objective behavioural parameter that is easy to observe. Comparably, motor laterality may be helpful in assessing long-lasting stress. The results indicate that stress changes sensory laterality in horses, but further research is needed on a larger sample to evaluate elevated chronic stress, as it was not clear whether the horses of the present study experienced compromised welfare, which it has been proposed may affect faecal IgA. |
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Royal Society |
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doi: 10.1098/rsos.191994 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6608 |
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| Author |
Steinhoff-Wagner, J. |
| Title |
Coat Clipping of Horses: A Survey |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-187 |
| Keywords |
Equine, thermoregulation, shaving, winter pelage removal |
| Abstract |
Coat clipping is a common practice in sport horses; however, timing, purpose, technique, and clips vary widely, as do the management and feeding of a clipped horse. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding common clipping practices. A questionnaire was published online in Germany and contained 32 questions. Four hundred ninety-eight people answered at least one question, and 373 individuals (7% male, 93% female; ages 14–59 years) completed all the questions. Clipped horses were predominantly used as sport horses (68%), and they were either clipped immediately before or during the winter season (88%) or year-round (7%). The clipping date was scheduled according to hair length (52%), sweat amount (47%), and drying time (47%). Participants primarily used two clips: the hunter clip and the blanket clip, both without clipping the head (23% each). The majority of the clipped horses wore a blanket day and night (> 90%). Future studies with observations in the field are needed to support survey data in an effort to develop welfare recommendations for clipping practices utilized with horses. |
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Routledge |
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1088-8705 |
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doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1454319 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6613 |
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