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Author Dreier, S.; van Zweden, J.S.; D'Ettorre, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Long-term memory of individual identity in ant queens Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Biology Letters Abbreviated Journal Biol Lett  
  Volume 3 Issue 5 Pages 459-462  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Ants/*physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Evolution; Female; *Memory; *Recognition (Psychology); Social Dominance  
  Abstract Remembering individual identities is part of our own everyday social life. Surprisingly, this ability has recently been shown in two social insects. While paper wasps recognize each other individually through their facial markings, the ant, Pachycondyla villosa, uses chemical cues. In both species, individual recognition is adaptive since it facilitates the maintenance of stable dominance hierarchies among individuals, and thus reduces the cost of conflict within these small societies. Here, we investigated individual recognition in Pachycondyla ants by quantifying the level of aggression between pairs of familiar or unfamiliar queens over time. We show that unrelated founding queens of P. villosa and Pachycondyla inversa store information on the individual identity of other queens and can retrieve it from memory after 24h of separation. Thus, we have documented for the first time that long-term memory of individual identity is present and functional in ants. This novel finding represents an advance in our understanding of the mechanism determining the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals.  
  Address Institute of Biology, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. sdreier@bi.ku.dk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1744-9561 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:17594958 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4649  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Miller-Butterworth, C.M.; Kaplan, J.R.; Barmada, M.M.; Manuck, S.B.; Ferrell, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title The Serotonin Transporter: Sequence Variation in Macaca fascicularis and its Relationship to Dominance Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal Behav Genet  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Specific genotypes of the rhesus monkey and human serotonin transporter gene (SERT) promoter region are associated with personality traits and serotonergic activity. However, the most commonly studied promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is monomorphic in many other monkey species. To date, no systematic search for alternative potentially functional polymorphisms across the remaining coding parts of the gene has been undertaken in other primate species, despite the crucial role SERT plays in modulating serotonergic tone. We investigated whether sequence variation in this gene is associated with social rank and serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) differences in 524 cynomolgus macaques. Sequence variation and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the regulatory and coding regions were initially characterized in 92 macaques. The exons and promoter contained 28 polymorphisms, more than double that recorded for human SERT. In further contrast to humans, the macaque SERT showed no significant LD. Potentially functional polymorphisms were genotyped in all animals. No individual variants or haplotypes were significantly associated with social rank or 5-HIAA concentrations; however, certain serotonin transporter diplotypes may modulate acquisition of dominance status.  
  Address Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, A300 Crabtree Hall, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, cbutterworth@hgen.pitt.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0001-8244 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:17605101 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4104  
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Author Austin, N.P.; Rogers, L.J. doi  openurl
  Title Asymmetry of flight and escape turning responses in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Laterality Abbreviated Journal Laterality  
  Volume 12 Issue 5 Pages 464-474  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We investigated whether horses display greater reactivity to a novel stimulus presented in the left compared to the right monocular visual field, and whether a population bias exists for escape turning when the same stimulus was presented binocularly. Domestic horses (N=30) were tested on three occasions by a person opening an umbrella five metres away and then approaching. The distance each horse moved away before stopping was measured. Distance was greatest for approach on the left side, indicating right hemisphere control of flight behaviour, and thus followed the same pattern found previously in other species. When order of monocular presentation was considered, an asymmetry was detected. Horses tested initially on the left side exhibited greater reactivity for left approach, whereas horses tested on the right side first displayed no side difference in reactivity. Perhaps left hemisphere inhibition of flight response allowed horses to learn that the stimulus posed no threat and this information was transferred to the right hemisphere. No population bias existed for the direction of escape turning, but horses that turned to the right when approached from the front were found to exhibit longer flight distances than those that turned to the left.  
  Address University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1357-650X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:17712716 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4304  
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Author Henderson, A.J.Z. doi  openurl
  Title Don't fence me in: managing psychological well being for elite performance horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci.  
  Volume 10 Issue 4 Pages 309-329  
  Keywords *Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; *Stereotyped Behavior  
  Abstract This article posits that stereotypical behavior patterns and the overall psychological well being of today's performance horse could be substantially enhanced with care that acknowledges the relationship between domesticated horses and their forerunners. Feral horses typically roam in stable, social groups over large grazing territories, spending 16-20 hr per day foraging on mid- to poor-quality roughage. In contrast, today's elite show horses live in relatively small stalls, eat a limited-but rich-diet at specific feedings, and typically live in social isolation. Although the horse has been domesticated for more than 6000 years, there has been no selection for an equid who no longer requires an outlet for these natural behaviors. Using equine stereotypies as a welfare indicator, this researcher proposes that the psychological well being of today's performance horse is compromised. Furthermore, the article illustrates how minimal management changes can enhance horses' well being while still remaining compatible with the requirements of the sport-horse industry. The article discusses conclusions in terms of Fraser, Weary, Pajor, and Milligan's “integrative welfare model” (1997).  
  Address Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. zamoyska@shaw.ca  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1088-8705 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:17970632 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4363  
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Author Rietbroek, N.J.; Dingboom, E.G.; Joosten, B.J.L.J.; Eizema, K.; Everts, M.E. doi  openurl
  Title Effect of show jumping training on the development of locomotory muscle in young horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 68 Issue 11 Pages 1232-1238  
  Keywords  
  Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether training for show jumping that is commenced early after birth affects the characteristics of equine locomotory muscle. ANIMALS: 19 Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were assigned to a trained or not trained (control) group. After weaning, training (free jumping [2 d/wk] that was alternated with a 20-minute period of exercise in a mechanical rotating walker [3 d/wk]) was started and continued until horses were 3 years old. Fiber type composition (determined from myosin heavy chain [MyHC] content), fiber area, diffusion index (area supplied by 1 capillary), citrate synthase activity, and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content were assessed in gluteus medius muscle specimens collected at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 years. RESULTS: Developmental changes included an increase in MyHC fiber type IIa and a decrease in type IIad; increases in fiber area, diffusion index, and citrate synthase activity; and a decrease in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content. The MyHC fiber type I and type IId were detected in high and low proportions, respectively. Training increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content, but did not affect other variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, show jumping training at an early age resulted in increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content of the deep portions of the gluteus medius muscle. The lack of training effects on the other muscle characteristics can partly be explained by the fact that an appropriate (aerobic) fiber type composition was already established at training commencement. These data also suggested that the developmental changes in equine muscle represent sufficient adaptation to meet the demands of this specific training.  
  Address Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:17975979 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4358  
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Author Elfman, L.; Brannstrom, J.; Smedje, G. doi  openurl
  Title Detection of Horse Allergen around a Stable Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal Int Arch Allergy Immunol  
  Volume 145 Issue 4 Pages 269-276  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Background: Integrating horse stables with built-up areas may lead to conflicts. Dispersion of horse allergen may become a health risk for allergic people. The aim was to measure the dispersion of horse allergen around a stable, considering wind speed and direction and vegetation. The disturbance of staff at a workplace nearby a stable was investigated. Methods: Air sampling was performed around a stable (32 horses) at distances of 50-500 m in all directions. Sampling was done with a pump and an IOM sampler. Samples were collected at 50 points during all seasons. Horse allergen levels were determined using ELISA. Disturbance by horses was studied with a questionnaire handed to the employees in an office near the stable. Results: The median horse allergen level at the stable entrance was 316 U/m(3), in the horse fields 40 U/m(3) and in the whole source area 16 U/m(3), which declined to <2 U/m(3) at about 50 m from the source area. Downwind of the prevailing winds low levels of horse allergen (2-4 U/m(3)) could sometimes be detected at up to 500 m. The staff, including those allergic to horses, managed to tolerate horses close to the workplace. Conclusions: At low winds horse allergen spread in ambient air about 50 m from the stable and horse fields. At higher winds low allergen levels were sometimes found in open areas up to 500 m from the source area. These levels were similar to those found in the office after moving away from the stable area. The employees did not report more symptoms of allergy or asthma while working close to the stable compared to after the move. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.  
  Address Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1423-0097 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:18025788 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4357  
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