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Author Beck, B.B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Human Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 3-17  
  Keywords herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation  
  Abstract Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning.

Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use.

Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly.
 
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4414  
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Author Tibbetts, E.A.; Dale, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Individual recognition: it is good to be different Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 22 Issue 10 Pages 529-537  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Individual recognition (IR) behavior has been widely studied, uncovering spectacular recognition abilities across a range of taxa and modalities. Most studies of IR focus on the recognizer (receiver). These studies typically explore whether a species is capable of IR, the cues that are used for recognition and the specializations that receivers use to facilitate recognition. However, relatively little research has explored the other half of the communication equation: the individual being recognized (signaler). Provided there is a benefit to being accurately identified, signalers are expected to actively broadcast their identity with distinctive cues. Considering the prevalence of IR, there are probably widespread benefits associated with distinctiveness. As a result, selection for traits that reveal individual identity might represent an important and underappreciated selective force contributing to the evolution and maintenance of genetic polymorphisms.  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4572  
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Author Lefebvre, L.; Reader, S.M.; Sol, D. doi  openurl
  Title Brains, Innovations and Evolution in Birds and Primates Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Brain, Behavior and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Brain. Behav. Evol.  
  Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 233-246  
  Keywords Innovation W Brain evolution W Hyperstriatum ventrale W Neostriatum W Isocortex W Birds W Primates W Tool use W Invasion biology  
  Abstract Abstract

Several comparative research programs have focusedon the cognitive, life history and ecological traits thataccount for variation in brain size. We review one ofthese programs, a program that uses the reported frequencyof behavioral innovation as an operational measureof cognition. In both birds and primates, innovationrate is positively correlated with the relative size of associationareas in the brain, the hyperstriatum ventrale andneostriatum in birds and the isocortex and striatum inprimates. Innovation rate is also positively correlatedwith the taxonomic distribution of tool use, as well asinterspecific differences in learning. Some features ofcognition have thus evolved in a remarkably similar wayin primates and at least six phyletically-independent avianlineages. In birds, innovation rate is associated withthe ability of species to deal with seasonal changes in theenvironment and to establish themselves in new regions,and it also appears to be related to the rate atwhich lineages diversify. Innovation rate provides a usefultool to quantify inter-taxon differences in cognitionand to test classic hypotheses regarding the evolution ofthe brain.
 
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  ISSN 0006-8977 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4738  
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Author Connor, R.C.; Mann, J.; Tyack, P.L.; Whitehead, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social evolution in toothed whales Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 13 Issue 6 Pages 228-232  
  Keywords odontocetes; toothed whales; social evolution; communication; bottlenose dolphins; sperm whales; long-term studies; foraging  
  Abstract Two contrasting results emerge from comparisons of the social systems of several odontocetes with terrestrial mammals. Researchers have identified remarkable convergence in prominent features of the social systems of odontocetes such as the sperm whale and bottlenose dolphin with a few well-known terrestrial mammals such as the elephant and chimpanzee. In contrast, studies on killer whales and Baird's beaked whale reveal novel social solutions to aquatic living. The combination of convergent and novel features in odontocete social systems promise a more general understanding of the ecological determinants of social systems in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as well as the relationship between relative brain size and social evolution.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4789  
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Author Herbert Gintis; Samuel Bowles; Robert Boyd; Ernst Fehr url  doi
openurl 
  Title Explaining altruistic behavior in humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Evolution and Human Behaviour Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 153-172  
  Keywords Altruism; Reciprocity; Experimental games; Evolution of cooperation  
  Abstract Recent experimental research has revealed forms of human behavior involving interaction among unrelated individuals that have proven difficult to explain in terms of kin or reciprocal altruism. One such trait, strong reciprocity is a predisposition to cooperate with others and to punish those who violate the norms of cooperation, at personal cost, even when it is implausible to expect that these costs will be repaid. We present evidence supporting strong reciprocity as a schema for predicting and understanding altruism in humans. We show that under conditions plausibly characteristic of the early stages of human evolution, a small number of strong reciprocators could invade a population of self-regarding types, and strong reciprocity is an evolutionary stable strategy. Although most of the evidence we report is based on behavioral experiments, the same behaviors are regularly described in everyday life, for example, in wage setting by firms, tax compliance, and cooperation in the protection of local environmental public goods.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1090-5138 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1090-5138(02)00157-5 Serial 4943  
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Author Noë, R.; Hammerstein, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Biological markets Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 10 Issue 8 Pages 336-339  
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  Abstract In biological markets, two classes of traders exchange commodities to their mutual benefit. Characteristics of markets are: competition within trader classes by contest or outbidding; preference for partners offering the highest value; and conflicts over the exchange value of commodities. Biological markets are currently studied under at least three different headings: sexual selection, intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism. The time is ripe for the development of game theoretic models that describe the common core of biological markets and integrate existing knowledge from the separate fields.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4993  
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Author Purvis, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The h index: playing the numbers game Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 21 Issue 8 Pages 422-422  
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  Abstract Article Outline

References

The ‘h index’ was developed recently as a measure of research performance [1]: a researcher's h is the number of his or her papers that have been cited at least h times. In their thoughtful critique of the index, Kelly and Jennions [2] point out many ways in which h is no better than ‘traditional’ bibliometrics, such as total citation counts. However, there is one way in which, for researchers, it could be very much better, especially if (as Hirsch suggests [1]) it is to inform hiring and promotion decisions. The skewed nature of the distribution of citations among publications means that most researchers have several papers that nearly but not quite count. Consequently, h can be distorted much more easily than can total citation count just by finding a subtle way to cite one's own papers that are ‘bubbling under’. Incidentally, bats show broadly the same life-history allometries as other mammalian clades [3].
 
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5046  
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Author Lusseau, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence for social role in a dolphin social network Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Abbreviated Journal Evol. Ecol.  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 357-366  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Abstract  Social animals have to take into consideration the behaviour of conspecifics when making decisions to go by their daily lives. These decisions affect their fitness and there is therefore an evolutionary pressure to try making the right choices. In many instances individuals will make their own choices and the behaviour of the group will be a democratic integration of everyone’s decision. However, in some instances it can be advantageous to follow the choice of a few individuals in the group if they have more information regarding the situation that has arisen. Here I provide early evidence that decisions about shifts in activity states in a population of bottlenose dolphin follow such a decision-making process. This unshared consensus is mediated by a non-vocal signal, which can be communicated globally within the dolphin school. These signals are emitted by individuals that tend to have more information about the behaviour of potential competitors because of their position in the social network. I hypothesise that this decision-making process emerged from the social structure of the population and the need to maintain mixed-sex schools.  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5154  
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Author Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 9 Issue 11 Pages 442-446  
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  Abstract The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5161  
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Author Bergmüller, R. openurl 
  Title Animal Personality and Behavioural Syndromes Type Book Chapter
  Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour – Evolution and Mechanisms Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 587-621  
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  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Heidelberg Editor Kappeler, P.  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5179  
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