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Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Fischer, J. |
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Title |
Word Learning in a Domestic Dog: Evidence for “Fast Mapping” |
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2004 |
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Science |
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Science |
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304 |
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5677 |
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1682-1683 |
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During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure--a process dubbed “fast mapping.” Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans. |
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10.1126/science.1097859 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4678 |
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Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S. |
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The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes |
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2004 |
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Science |
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Science |
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306 |
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5703 |
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1903-1907 |
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Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems. |
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10.1126/science.1098410 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2959 |
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Artzy-Randrup, Y.; Fleishman, S.J.; Ben-Tal, N.; Stone, L. |
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Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
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2004 |
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Science |
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305 |
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5687 |
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1107c |
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10.1126/science.1099334 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5037 |
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Clayton, N.S. |
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COGNITION: An Open Sandwich or an Open Question? |
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2004 |
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Science |
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Science |
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305 |
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5682 |
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344- |
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10.1126/science.1099512 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2955 |
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Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Alon, U. |
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Response to Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” |
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2004 |
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Science |
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Science |
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305 |
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5687 |
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1107d |
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10.1126/science.1100519 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5031 |
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Birke, L.; Bryld, M.; Lykke, N. |
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Title |
Animal Performances: An Exploration of Intersections between Feminist Science Studies and Studies of Human/Animal Relationships |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Feminist Theory |
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Fem Theor |
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5 |
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2 |
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167-183 |
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Feminist science studies have given scant regard to non-human animals. In this paper, we argue that it is important for feminist theory to address the complex relationships between humans and other animals, and the implications of these for feminism. We use the notion of performativity, particularly as it has been developed by Karen Barad, to explore the intersections of feminism and studies of the human/animal relationship. Performativity, we argue, helps to challenge the persistent dichotomy between human/culture and animals/nature. It emphasizes, moreover, how animality is a doing or becoming, not an essence; so, performativity allows us to think about the complexity of human/animal interrelating as a kind of choreography, a co-creation of behaviour. We illustrate the discussion using the example of the laboratory rat, who can be thought of both in terms of a materialization of specific scientific practices and as active participants in the creation of their own meaning, alongside the human participants in science. There are three, intertwined, senses in which we might think about performativity – that of animality, of humannness, and of the relationship between the two. Bringing animals into discussions about performativity poses questions for both feminist theory and for the study of human/animal relationships, we argue: both human and animal can conjointly be engaged in reconfiguring the world, and our theorizing must reflect that complexity. We are all matter, and we all matter. |
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10.1177/1464700104045406 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3594 |
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Gentner, T.Q. |
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Title |
Neural Systems for Individual Song Recognition in Adult Birds |
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2004 |
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. |
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1016 |
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1 |
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282-302 |
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The songbird auditory system is an excellent model for neuroethological studies of the mechanisms that govern the perception and cognition of natural stimuli (i.e., song), and the translation of corresponding representations into natural behaviors. One common songbird behavior is the learned recognition of individual conspecific songs. This chapter summarizes the research effort to identify the brain regions and mechanisms mediating individual song recognition in European starlings, a species of songbird. The results of laboratory behavioral studies are reviewed, which show that when adult starlings learn to recognize other individual's songs, they do so by memorizing large sets of song elements, called motifs. Recent data from single neurons in the caudal medial portion of the mesopallium are then reviewed, showing that song recognition learning leads to explicit representation of acoustic features that correspond closely to specific motifs, but only to motifs in the songs that birds have learned to recognize. This suggests that the strength and tuning of high-level auditory object representations, of the sort that presumably underlie many forms of vocal communication, are shaped by each animal's unique experience. |
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10.1196/annals.1298.008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2961 |
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Hieshima, K.; Kawasaki, Y.; Hanamoto, H.; Nakayama, T.; Nagakubo, D.; Kanamaru, A.; Yoshie, O. |
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Title |
CC Chemokine Ligands 25 and 28 Play Essential Roles in Intestinal Extravasation of IgA Antibody-Secreting Cells |
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2004 |
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The Journal of Immunology |
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173 |
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6 |
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3668-3675 |
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CCL25 (also known as thymus-expressed chemokine) and CCL28 (also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine) play important roles in mucosal immunity by recruiting IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) into mucosal lamina propria. However, their exact roles in vivo still remain to be defined. In this study, we first demonstrated in mice that IgA ASCs in small intestine expressed CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR4 on the cell surface and migrated to their respective ligands CCL25, CCL28, and CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1), whereas IgA ASCs in colon mainly expressed CCR10 and CXCR4 and migrated to CCL28 and CXCL12. Reciprocally, the epithelial cells of small intestine were immunologically positive for CCL25 and CCL28, whereas those of colon were positive for CCL28 and CXCL12. Furthermore, the venular endothelial cells in small intestine were positive for CCL25 and CCL28, whereas those in colon were positive for CCL28, suggesting their direct roles in extravasation of IgA ASCs. Consistently, in mice orally immunized with cholera toxin (CT), anti-CCL25 suppressed homing of CT-specific IgA ASCs into small intestine, whereas anti-CCL28 suppressed homing of CT-specific IgA ASCs into both small intestine and colon. Reciprocally, CT-specific ASCs and IgA titers in the blood were increased in mice treated with anti-CCL25 or anti-CCL28. Anti-CXCL12 had no such effects. Finally, both CCL25 and CCL28 were capable of enhancing α4 integrin-dependent adhesion of IgA ASCs to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and VCAM-1. Collectively, CCL25 and CCL28 play essential roles in intestinal homing of IgA ASCs primarily by mediating their extravasation into intestinal lamina propria. |
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10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3668 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6011 |
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McLean, A.N. |
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The mental processes of the horse and their consequences for training |
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2004 |
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Animal Welfare Science Centre |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 24 October 2008 |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4619 |
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McGreevy, P.D. |
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Book Whole |
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2004 |
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Equine Behavior: A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists |
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Cited By (since 1996): 25; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4530 |
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