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| Author | Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
| Title | Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 279-283 |
| Keywords | Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing | ||||
| Abstract | A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to a survey designed to better characterize early management of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in feeding practices was evident and while well over half of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized to a lesser extent. |
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5758 | ||
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| Author | Tebbich, S.; Taborsky, M.; Fessl, B.; Blomqvist, D. | ||||
| Title | Do woodpecker finches acquire tool-use by social learning? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 268 | Issue | 1482 | Pages | 2189-2193 |
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| Abstract | Tool–use is widespread among animals, but except in primates the development of this behaviour is poorly known. Here, we report on the first experimental study to our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of tool–use in a bird species. The woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida, endemic to the Galápagos Islands, is a famous textbook example of tool–use in animals. This species uses modified twigs or cactus spines to pry arthropods out of tree holes. Using nestlings and adult birds from the field, we tested experimentally whether woodpecker finches learn tool–use socially. We show that social learning is not essential for the development of tool–use: all juveniles developed tool–use regardless of whether or not they had a tool–using model. However, we found that not all adult woodpecker finches used tools in our experiments. These non–tool–using individuals also did not learn this task by observing tool–using conspecifics. Our results suggest that tool–use behaviour depends on a very specific learning disposition that involves trial–and–error learning during a sensitive phase early in ontogeny. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5914 | ||
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| Author | Wynne C. D. L. | ||||
| Title | Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Covering a wide range of key topics, from reasoning and communication to sensation and complex problem-solving, this engagingly-written text presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary research on animal cognition. Written for anyone with an interest in animal cognition, but without a background in animal behaviour, it endeavours to explain what makes animals tick. With numerous illustrations and including exciting recent studies from many little-studied species (such as the weakly electric African fish), this text is ideal for psychology students who are interested in how much of our human cognition is shared by other species, for students of biology who want to know how complex animal behaviour can get, and for all those with an interest in the animal mind. |
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| Publisher | Palgrave | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780333923955 | Medium | ||
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| Notes |
Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6157 | ||
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| Author | Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. | ||||
| Title | Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Nature Reviews Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 661-670 |
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| Abstract | What are the neural bases of action understanding? Although this capacity could merely involve visual analysis of the action, it has been argued that we actually map this visual information onto its motor representation in our nervous system. Here we discuss evidence for the existence of a system, the ‘mirror system’, that seems to serve this mapping function in primates and humans, and explore its implications for the understanding and imitation of action. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1471-003x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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10.1038/35090060 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5013 | ||
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| Author | Biegler, R.; McGregor, A.; Krebs, J.R.; Healy, S.D. | ||||
| Title | A larger hippocampus is associated with longer-lasting spatial memory | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 6941-6944 |
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| Abstract | Volumetric studies in a range of animals (London taxi-drivers, polygynous male voles, nest-parasitic female cowbirds, and a number of food-storing birds) have shown that the size of the hippocampus, a brain region essential to learning and memory, is correlated with tasks involving an extra demand for spatial learning and memory. In this paper, we report the quantitative advantage that food storers gain from such an enlargement. Coal tits () a food-storing species, performed better than great tits (), a nonstoring species, on a task that assessed memory persistence but not on a task that assessed memory resolution or on one that tested memory capacity. These results show that the advantage to the food-storing species associated with an enlarged hippocampus is one of memory persistence. | ||||
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10.1073/pnas.121034798 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4743 | ||
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| Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
| Title | Bystander effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 348-352 |
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| Abstract | Prior modeling work has found that pure winner and loser effects (i.e., changing the estimation of your own fighting ability as a function of direct prior experience) can have important consequences for hierarchy formation. Here these models are extended to incorporate “bystander effects.” When bystander effects are in operation, observers (i.e., bystanders) of aggressive interactions change their assessment of the protagonists' fighting abilities (depending on who wins and who loses). Computer simulations demonstrate that when bystander winner effects alone are at play, groups have a clear omega (bottom-ranking individual), while the relative position of other group members remains difficult to determine. When only bystander loser effects are in operation, wins and losses are randomly distributed throughout a group (i.e., no discernible hierarchy). When pure and bystander winner effects are jointly in place, a linear hierarchy, in which all positions (i.e., {alpha} to {delta} when N = 4) are clearly defined, emerges. Joint pure and bystander loser effects produce the same result. In principle one could test the predictions from the models developed here in a straightforward comparative study. Hopefully, the results of this model will spur on such studies in the future. | ||||
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10.1093/beheco/12.3.348 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 441 | ||
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| Author | Anderson, C.; Franks, N.R. | ||||
| Title | Teams in animal societies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 534-540 |
| Keywords | animal societies, cooperation, division of labor, groups, invertebrates, task types, teams, vertebrates | ||||
| Abstract | We review the existence of teams in animal societies. Teams have previously been dismissed in all but a tiny minority of insect societies. “Team” is a term not generally used in studies of vertebrates. We propose a new rigorous definition of a team that may be applied to both vertebrate and invertebrate societies. We reconsider what it means to work as a team or group and suggest that there are many more teams in insect societies than previously thought. A team task requires different subtasks to be performed concurrently for successful completion. There is a division of labor within a team. Contrary to previous reviews of teams in social insects, we do not constrain teams to consist of members of different castes and argue that team members may be interchangeable. Consequently, we suggest that a team is simply the set of individuals that performs a team task. We contrast teams with groups and suggest that a group task requires the simultaneous performance and cooperation of two or more individuals for successful completion. In a group, there is no division of labor--each individual performs the same task. We also contrast vertebrate and invertebrate teams and find that vertebrate teams tend to be associated with hunting and are based on individual recognition. Invertebrate teams occur in societies characterized by a great deal of redundancy, and we predict that teams in insect societies are more likely to be found in large polymorphic (“complex”) societies than in small monomorphic (“simple”) societies. | ||||
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10.1093/beheco/12.5.534 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2070 | |||
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| Author | Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Cultural Transmission: A View from Chimpanzees and Human Infants | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 135-146 |
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| Abstract | Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand other individuals as intentional agents like the self. This species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as infants begin to engage with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool use practices, and many other conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural learning allow human beings to pool their cognitive resources both contemporaneously and over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal kingdom. | ||||
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10.1177/0022022101032002002 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2968 | ||
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| Author | Hau, J.; Andersson, E.; Carlsson, H.-E. | ||||
| Title | Development and validation of a sensitive ELISA for quantification of secretory IgA in rat saliva and faeces | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Laboratory Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 301-306 |
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| Abstract | Non-invasive measures of immunological markers are an attractive means of stress assessment in laboratory animals. Salivary IgA has been used successfully as a stress marker in the human, and several reports indicate the potential of secretory IgA as a non-invasive measure of stress in animals. The present paper describes the development of an ELISA using commercially available components for the quantification of rat IgA and validation of this assay for the quantification of rat secretory IgA in saliva and faeces. The concentration of IgA in rat saliva varied significantly between duplicate samples obtained from individual rats, and the viscosity and small total volume of rat saliva gave unsatisfactory results for IgA. Faecal IgA was present in high concentrations, and duplicate samples varied by only 2-3%. However, faecal IgA seemed less stable than IgA in other biological compartments, and this finding must be taken into consideration when using quantitative measurements of IgA as a marker of mucous humoral immune status. | ||||
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10.1258/0023677011911822 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5851 | ||
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| Author | Giulotto, E. | ||||
| Title | Will horse genetics create better champions? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Trends Genet. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 166 | |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 24 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4589 | ||
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