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| Author | Lusseau, D.; Whitehead, H.; Gero, S. | ||||
| Title | Incorporating uncertainty into the study of animal social networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1809-1815 |
| Keywords | bootstrap; social behaviour; social network; social structure | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5173 | ||
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| Author | Newman, M.E.J. | ||||
| Title | The Structure and Function of Complex Networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | SIAM Review | Abbreviated Journal | SIAM Rev. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 167-256 |
| Keywords | networks; graph theory; complex systems; computer networks; social networks; random graphs; percolation theory | ||||
| Abstract | Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks. | ||||
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| Publisher | Siam | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5214 | ||
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| Author | Bode, N.W.F.; Wood, A.J.; Franks, D.W. | ||||
| Title | The impact of social networks on animal collective motion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 29-38 |
| Keywords | collective motion; group cohesion; group position; hierarchical dynamics; social network | ||||
| Abstract | Many group-living animals show social preferences for relatives, familiar conspecifics or individuals of similar attributes such as size, personality or sex. How such preferences could affect the collective motion of animal groups has been rather unexplored. We present a general model of collective animal motion that includes social connections as preferential reactions between individuals. Our conceptual examples illustrate the possible impact of underlying social networks on the collective motion of animals. Our approach shows that the structure of these networks could influence: (1) the cohesion of groups; (2) the spatial position of individuals within groups; and (3) the hierarchical dynamics within such groups. We argue that the position of individuals within a social network and the social network structure of populations could have important fitness implications for individual animals. Counterintuitive results from our conceptual examples show that social structures can result in unexpected group dynamics. This sharpens our understanding of the way in which collective movement can be interpreted as a result of social interactions. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5393 | ||
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| Author | Schneider, G.; Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Third-party interventions keep social partners from exchanging affiliative interactions with others | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 83 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 377-387 |
| Keywords | Equus caballus; horse; rank; social bond; social network; third-party intervention | ||||
| Abstract | Third-party interventions are defined as the interruption of dyadic interactions by third animals through direct physical contact, interposing or threats. Previous studies focused on the analysis of interventions against agonistic encounters. However, there have been no evaluations of interventions against affiliative behaviours, particularly in relation to the intervening animal�s social relationships and its social and spatial position. Horses, Equus caballus, are an interesting model species, as interventions against affiliative interactions occur more frequently than against agonistic interactions. In this study, 64 feral horses displayed 67 interventions in affiliative interactions and eight interventions in agonistic interactions within the observation period. We analysed the interventions in affiliative encounters, and found that it was mainly higher-ranking females that intervened in the affiliative interactions of group mates in the stable horse harems. The intervening animals took an active part in affiliative and agonistic encounters within the group, but did not occupy particular social roles or spatial positions. They intervened in affiliative interactions in which group mates with which they had social bonds interacted with other members of the group. They targeted the nonbonded animal and approached the one with which they were socially bonded. We suggest some species use third-party interventions in affiliative interactions to prevent competition for preferred social interaction partners from escalating into more costly agonistic encounters. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5492 | ||
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| Author | Benz, B.; Köhnke, J.; Kappelmann, K. | ||||
| Title | Bewertung einer Faltschieberanlage in einem Reitstall mit Paddockboxen[Assessment of a v-form scraper in a horse barn with paddock boxes] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Landtechnik, Agricultural Engineering, | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 242-247 |
| Keywords | Entmistungstechnik, Arbeitswirtschaft, Pferdeverhalten [Manure removal systems, working time requirement, horse behaviour] | ||||
| Abstract | In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden in einem Praxisbetrieb die Verfahrenskosten eines Faltschiebers erhoben. Aufgrund des reduzierten Arbeitszeitaufwandes ergibt sich durch den Einsatz des Faltschiebers eine jährliche Kostenersparnis in Höhe von 78 € je Pferd. Durch die Mechanisierung der Entmistung kann fast 30 % der Arbeitszeit in der Pensionspferdehaltung eingespart werden. Beim Einsatz einer Entmistungstechnik spielt jedoch nicht nur die Ökonomie, sondern darüber hinaus auch das Pferdeverhalten eine Rolle. Im selben Praxisbetrieb wird nach Installation der Faltschieberanlage das Pferdeverhalten beim Erstkontakt mit dem Schieber beobachtet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Pferde den direkten Kontakt mit der Entmistungstechnik und somit kritische Situationen vermeiden. [In the survey at hand, the procedural costs for a v-form scraper are gathered. In the process, it is found that due to the reduced working time requirement the use of a v-form scraper saves € 78/horse/year. The mechanization of manure removal can reduce working time in horse keeping by almost 30 percent. However, using manure removal systems, the profitability is not the only crucial criteria. The behaviour of the horses plays an essential role, too. Moreover the horses’ behaviour when first encountering the manure scraper is observed. The study reveals that the horses avoid contact with the scraper and thereby also shirk critical situations.] |
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5841 | ||
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| Author | Hasenjager, M.J.; Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
| Title | Social Network Analysis in Behavioral Ecology | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | |||
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| Keywords | Animal personalities; Animal social networks; Collective behavior; Cooperation; Dynamic networks; Emergent properties; Network theory; Social behavior; Social learning; Social structure | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract In recent years, behavioral ecologists have embraced social network analysis (SNA) in order to explore the structure of animal societies and the functional consequences of that structure. We provide a conceptual introduction to the field that focuses on historical developments, as well as on novel insights generated by recent work. First, we discuss major advances in the analysis of nonhuman societies, culminating in the use of SNA by behavioral ecologists. Next, we discuss how network-based approaches have enhanced our understanding of social structure and behavior over the past decade, focusing on: (1) information transmission, (2) collective behaviors, (3) animal personality, and (4) cooperation. These behaviors and phenomena possess several features—e.g., indirect effects, emergent properties—that network analysis is well equipped to handle. Finally, we highlight recent developments in SNA that are allowing behavioral ecologists to address increasingly sophisticated questions regarding the structure and function of animal sociality. | ||||
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hasenjager | Serial | 5863 | ||
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| Author | Boogert, N.J.; Reader, S.M.; Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | The origin and spread of innovations in starlings | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1509-1518 |
| Keywords | diffusion dynamics; dominance; foraging; group; innovation; neophobia; social learning; social network; starling; Sturnus vulgaris | ||||
| Abstract | There are numerous reports of novel learned behaviour patterns in animal populations, yet the factors influencing the invention and spread of these innovations remain poorly understood. Here we investigated to what extent the pattern of spread of innovations in captive groups of starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, could be predicted by knowledge of individual and social group variables, including association patterns, social rank orders, measures of neophobia and asocial learning performance. We presented small groups of starlings with a series of novel extractive foraging tasks and recorded the latency for each bird to contact and solve each task, as well as the orders of contacting and solving. We then explored which variables best predicted the observed diffusion patterns. Object neophobia and social rank measures characterized who was the first of the group to contact the novel foraging tasks, and the subsequent spread of contacting tasks was associated with latency to feed in a novel environment. Asocial learning performance, measured in isolation, predicted who was the first solver of the novel foraging tasks in each group. Association patterns did not predict the spread of solving. Contact latency and solving duration were negatively correlated, consistent with social learning underlying the spread of solving. Our findings indicate that we can improve our understanding of the diffusion dynamics of innovations in animal groups by investigating group-dependent and individual variables in combination. We introduce novel methods for exploring predictors of the origin and spread of behavioural innovations that could be widely applied. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6036 | ||
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| Author | Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
| Title | Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 121 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 888-902 |
| Keywords | decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network | ||||
| Abstract | Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6153 | ||
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| Author | Pritchard, J.C.; Barr, A.R.S.; Whay, H.R. | ||||
| Title | Validity of a behavioural measure of heat stress and a skin tent test for dehydration in working horses and donkeys | Type | |||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 433-438 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animal Welfare; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Body Temperature/*physiology; Body Weight/physiology; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Drinking; *Equidae; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology; Horses; Hypovolemia/diagnosis/physiopathology/veterinary; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pakistan; Respiration; Skin/*pathology; Species Specificity; Work | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dehydration and heat stress are serious welfare issues for equids working in developing countries. There is a lack of any standardised method or validated interpretation of the skin tent test in horses and donkeys. Owners of dehydrated and heat-stressed animals often depend on veterinary examination for identification of these conditions, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary reliance on external sources to effect welfare improvement. OBJECTIVES: To validate a standardised skin tent test for dehydration and a behavioural measure of heat stress in working equids; and to examine the effect of heat stress and dehydration on tripping and staggering behaviour. METHODS: The study was carried out on 130 working horses and donkeys in Pakistan. Associations between skin tent and blood parameters (packed cell volume [PCV], serum total protein [TP], serum osmolality), clinical parameters, resting and drinking behaviour were examined. Heat stress behaviour (increased respiratory rate and depth, head nodding, flared nostrils, apathy) was observed in conjunction with rectal temperature. Tripping and staggering were assessed using a simple obstacle course. RESULTS: In both species, heat stress behaviour was significantly associated with increased rectal temperature (P<0.001). A positive skin tent test was not significantly associated with PCV or TP, although in donkeys it was significantly associated with lower serum osmolality (P<0.001). More animals age >15 years had a positive skin tent than those in younger age groups (P = 0.037). Very thin horses were more likely to have a positive skin tent than those in thin or moderate condition (P = 0.028). There was no significant correlation between skin tent and tripping or staggering in either species. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Heat stress behaviour is related to increased body temperature in working horses and donkeys. Owners may use this to make judgements regarding rest and cooling, precluding the need to seek veterinary attention. The skin tent test for dehydration used in this study did not show a significant relationship with PCV or TP. However, the use of blood parameters to validate the skin tent test may be confounded by anaemia, hypoproteinaemia or electrolyte depletion. Alternative methods are needed to confirm or refute the validity of the skin tent test in working equids. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:16986604 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1784 | |||
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| Author | Scheibe, K.M.; Gromann, C. | ||||
| Title | Application testing of a new three-dimensional acceleration measuring system with wireless data transfer (WAS) for behavior analysis | Type | |||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Behavior research methods | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Res Methods |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 427-433 |
| Keywords | Acceleration; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*diagnosis; Computer Communication Networks/*instrumentation; Forelimb/physiopathology; Fractals; Hindlimb/physiopathology; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/methods/veterinary; Lameness, Animal/*diagnosis; Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation/*methods; Motor Activity; Movement; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods | ||||
| Abstract | A wireless acceleration measurement system was applied to free-moving cows and horses. Sensors were available as a collar and a flat box for measuring leg or trunk movements. Results were transmitted simultaneously by radio or stored in an 8-MB internal memory. As analytical procedures, frequency distributions with standard deviations, spectral analyses, and fractal analyses were applied. Bymeans of the collar sensor, basic behavior patterns (standing, grazing, walking, ruminating, drinking, and hay uptake) could be identified in cows. Lameness could be detected in cows and horses by means of the leg sensor. The portion of basic and harmonic spectral components was reduced; the fractal dimension was reduced. The system can be used for the detection and analysis of even small movements of free-moving humans or animals over several hours. It is convenient for the analysis of basic behaviors, emotional reactions, or events causing flight or fright or for comparing different housing elements, such as floors or fences. | ||||
| Address | Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. kscheibe@izw-berlin.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1554-351X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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PMID:17186752 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1775 | |||
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