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Author Parker, S.T.
Title A general model for the adaptive function of self-knowledge in animals and humans Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn
Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 75-86
Keywords *Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Awareness; Concept Formation; Evolution; Humans; Phylogeny; *Self Concept; Species Specificity
Abstract This article offers a general definition of self-knowledge that embraces all forms and levels of self-knowledge in animals and humans. It is hypothesized that various levels of self-knowledge constitute an ordinal scale such that each species in a lineage displays the forms of self-knowledge found in related species as well as new forms it and its sister species may have evolved. Likewise, it is hypothesized that these various forms of levels of self-knowledge develop in the sequence in which they evolved. Finally, a general hypothesis for the functional significance of self-knowledge is proposed along with subhypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of various levels of self-knowledge in mammals including human and nonhuman primates. The general hypothesis is that self-knowledge serves as a standard for assessing the qualities of conspecifics compared to those of the self. Such assessment is crucial to deciding among alternative reproductive and subsistence strategies. The qualities that are assessed, which vary across taxa, range from the size and strength of the self to its mathematical or musical abilities. This so-called assessment model of self-knowledge is based on evolutionary biological models for social selection and the role of assessment in animal communication.
Address Anthropology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA. Parker@Sonoma.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes (up) PMID:9170562 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4160
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Author Swartz, K.B.
Title What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci
Volume 818 Issue Pages 64-71
Keywords Animals; *Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Ego; Primates/*psychology
Abstract
Address Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes (up) PMID:9237465 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4135
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Author Brodbeck, D.R.
Title Picture fragment completion: priming in the pigeon Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 461-468
Keywords Animals; *Attention; *Awareness; Columbidae; *Mental Recall; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Perceptual Masking; Problem Solving
Abstract It has been suggested that the system behind implicit memory in humans is evolutionarily old and that animals should readily show priming. In Experiment 1, a picture fragment completion test was used to test priming in pigeons. After pecking a warning stimulus, pigeons were shown 2 partially obscured pictures from different categories and were always reinforced for choosing a picture from one of the categories. On control trials, the warning stimulus was a picture of some object (not from the S+ or S- category), on study trials the warning stimulus was a picture to be categorized on the next trial, and on test trials the warning stimulus was a randomly chosen picture and the S+ picture was the warning stimulus seen on the previous trial. Categorization was better on study and test trials than on control trials. Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that the priming effect was caused by the pigeons' responding to familiarity by using warning stimuli from both S+ and S- categories. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of the priming effect.
Address Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. brodbeck@thunderbird.auc.laurentian.ca
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes (up) PMID:9411019 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2777
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