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Author |
Shaw, E.B.; Houpt, K.A.; Holmes, D.F. |
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Title |
Body temperature and behaviour of mares during the last two weeks of pregnancy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
199-202 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Female; Horses/*physiology; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Average daily core body temperature and behavioural patterns of pregnant mares were studied, in search of definitive signs of parturition within 24 h of the event. Nineteen pony mares were sampled twice daily for core body temperature. A significant temperature drop, averaging 0.1 degrees C (0.2 degrees F) was observed during the day prior to parturition. Between 18.00 h and 06.00 h, during the two weeks before parturition, Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares (n = 52) spent an average 66.8 per cent of their time standing, 27.0 per cent eating, 4.9 per cent lying in sternal recumbency, 1.0 per cent lying in lateral recumbency, and 0.3 per cent walking. On the night before parturition, mares spent significantly less time lying in sternal recumbency than on previous nights and on the night of parturition all behaviour patterns except eating were significantly different from the nights of the two weeks before parturition. There was an increase in walking (5.3 per cent), lying in sternal recumbency (8 per cent) and lying in lateral recumbency (5.3 per cent) whereas standing (53.3 per cent) was decreased. In 58 observed pregnancies, 54 mares (97 per cent) foaled in a recumbent position and 50 mares (86 per cent) foaled between 18.00 h and 06.00 h. |
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Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes  |
PMID:3402416 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
46 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Perry, P.J.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
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Title |
Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
401-407 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Blood Proteins/analysis; *Eating; Female; Hematocrit; Horses/blood/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; *Water-Electrolyte Balance |
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Abstract |
Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding. |
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Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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ISSN |
0031-9384 |
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Notes |
PMID:3393599 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
47 |
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Author |
Kozarovitskii, L.B. |
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Title |
[Further comment on the distinction between humans and animals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly. Biologicheskie Nauki |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki |
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Volume |
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Issue |
3 |
Pages |
42-45 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Consciousness; Evolution; Humans; Mental Processes; *Philosophy; Thinking |
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Abstract |
The problem of mind is considered in the aspect of natural scientific and philosophical problem of distinction between human and animal. The widespread confusion of the terms “rudiments”, “elements” of specifically human properties in animals and “biological prerequisites” of these properties are critically analysed. The idea is formulated according to which only in the process of anthropogenesis the rudiments of new social property--mind, conscience--could appear in the developing human beings. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Eshche raz o grani mezhdu chelovecheskim i zhivotnym |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0470-4606 |
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Notes |
PMID:3382706 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2800 |
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Author |
Steinhoff, H.J. |
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Title |
A continuous wave laser T-jump apparatus and its application to chemical reactions in hemoglobin single crystals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biochem Biophys Methods |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
319-330 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Chemistry; Crystallization; *Heat; *Hemoglobins; Horses/blood; *Lasers; Methemoglobin; Solutions; Thermodynamics; Thiocyanates |
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Abstract |
A laser temperature jump apparatus is constructed where the T-jump is achieved by means of the direct absorption of continuous laser radiation of low intensity by a solid sample. The final temperature in the irradiated volume element is reached when the absorbed radiation power equals the dissipation of heat by heat conduction. The time range from the beginning of irradiation to the stationary state depends on the geometry of the irradiated volume element and is less than 10 ms. The heating laser beam is simultaneously used to detect the relaxation to the new chemical equilibrium in the sample. Relaxation processes with relaxation rates between 10(2) s-1 and less than 10(-3) s-1 on samples with volumes less than 10(-3) mm3 may be investigated using this T-jump method. One application of this method is the determination of reaction rates of ligand reactions in hemoglobin single crystals. Rate constants obtained for the reaction of thiocyanate with crystallized horse methemoglobin are presented. |
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Address |
Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, F.R.G |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0165-022X |
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Notes |
PMID:3379245 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3804 |
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Author |
Carroll, C.L.; Huntington, P.J. |
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Title |
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-45 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biometry; *Body Weight; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Physical Examination/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of 'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience. |
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Address |
Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Attwood Veterinary Research Laboratory, Westmeadows, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3366105 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1808 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. |
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Title |
Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
International Journal of Food Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Food Microbiol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
161-168 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology |
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Abstract |
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. |
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Address |
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa |
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English |
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ISSN |
0168-1605 |
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Notes |
PMID:3275317 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2675 |
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Author |
Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E. |
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Title |
[Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Acta Cientifica Venezolana |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Cient Venez |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-180 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Fishes; *Leadership; Reversal Learning/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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Spanish |
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Original Title |
Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen |
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ISSN |
0001-5504 |
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Notes |
PMID:3251383 |
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Serial |
2045 |
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Author |
Boyd, L, |
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Title |
The behavior of Przewalski's horses |
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Manuscript |
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Year |
1988 |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Place of Publication |
Cornell University |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
970 |
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Author |
Fielding D, |
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Title |
Reproductive characteristics of the Jenny donkey – Equus Asinus: a review |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Trop Anim Hlth Prod |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
161-166 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1086 |
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Author |
Franke Stevens E, |
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Title |
Contents between bands of feral horses for access to fresh water: the resident wins |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Beh |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1851-1853 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1091 |
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