Records |
Author |
Sato, S.; Sako, S.; Maeda, A. |
Title |
Social licking patterns in cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>): influence of environmental and social factors |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-12 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
To investigate the functions of social licking in cattle, four calves (one heifer and one steer in each of two herds), known to exhibit frequent social licking were observed continuously for 2 h before sunset for 13 days, using the focal animal sampling method. Calves were observed under various environmental conditions. Social licking significantly decreased on rainy days and tended to increase in a dirty barn and when food was restricted. Solicitation for social licking occurred not only from dominant animals of pairs but also from subordinates. Of the licking interactions, 31% occurred following solicitation, and these accounted for 39% of the total time spent licking. Following solicitation, 78% of social licking was oriented to the head and the neck regions that were inaccessible to self-licking animals. Unsolicited licking, however, was oriented not only to the head and the neck but also to the back and the rump regions, and these two latter regions were the major ones to receive licking. The effect of social relationships on social licking was investigated using least-squares analysis of variance. Social factors investigated were the difference of dominance values, the dominance-subordinance relationship, and kinship and familiarity; the sex of calves involved was also considered. Only familiarity had a significant effect on licking; exchanges of social licking increased with length of cohabitation. We suggest that social licking may have a cleaning effect, a tension-reducing effect and a bonding effect. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0168-1591 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80158-3 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6409 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
A. Wiggins; K. Crowston |
Title |
From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-10 |
Keywords |
groupware; natural sciences computing; research and development; social sciences; crowdsourcing; citizen science typology; research collaboration; scientific research projects; virtual collaboration; Communities; Education; Monitoring; Collaboration; Organizations; Biological system modeling; Production |
Abstract |
Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types-Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education- that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1530-1605 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6430 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Burden, F.; Thiemann, A. |
Title |
Donkeys Are Different |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
376-382 |
Keywords |
Donkey; Ass; Equid; Mule |
Abstract |
As a unique species of equine, the donkey has certain specific variations from the horse. This review highlights the origins of the donkey and how this impacts on its behavior, physiology, and propensity to disease. The donkey is less of a flight animal and has been used by humans for pack and draught work, in areas where their ability to survive poorer diets, and transboundary disease while masking overt signs of pain and distress has made them indispensable to human livelihoods. When living as a companion animal, however, the donkey easily accumulates adipose tissue, and this may create a metabolically compromised individual prone to diseases of excess such as laminitis and hyperlipemia. They show anatomic variations from the horse especially in the hoof, upper airway, and their conformation. Variations in physiology lead to differences in the metabolism and distribution of many drugs. With over 44 million donkeys worldwide, it is important that veterinarians have the ability to understand and treat this equid effectively. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0737-0806 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6541 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Zajonc, R.B. |
Title |
Social Facilitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
149 |
Issue |
3681 |
Pages |
269-274 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6565 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Rosati, A.G. |
Title |
Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
691-702 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Elsevier |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1364-6613 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6586 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Marr, I.; Preisler, V.; Farmer, K.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Non-invasive stress evaluation in domestic horses (Equus caballus): impact of housing conditions on sensory laterality and immunoglobulin A |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Royal Society Open Science |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
191994 |
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
The study aimed to evaluate sensory laterality and concentration of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) as non-invasive measures of stress in horses by comparing them with the already established measures of motor laterality and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). Eleven three-year-old horses were exposed to known stressful situations (change of housing, initial training) to assess the two new parameters. Sensory laterality initially shifted significantly to the left and faecal FGMs were significantly increased on the change from group to individual housing and remained high through initial training. Motor laterality shifted significantly to the left after one week of individual stabling. Faecal IgA remained unchanged throughout the experiment. We therefore suggest that sensory laterality may be helpful in assessing acute stress in horses, especially on an individual level, as it proved to be an objective behavioural parameter that is easy to observe. Comparably, motor laterality may be helpful in assessing long-lasting stress. The results indicate that stress changes sensory laterality in horses, but further research is needed on a larger sample to evaluate elevated chronic stress, as it was not clear whether the horses of the present study experienced compromised welfare, which it has been proposed may affect faecal IgA. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Royal Society |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
doi: 10.1098/rsos.191994 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6608 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Steinhoff-Wagner, J. |
Title |
Coat Clipping of Horses: A Survey |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-187 |
Keywords |
Equine, thermoregulation, shaving, winter pelage removal |
Abstract |
Coat clipping is a common practice in sport horses; however, timing, purpose, technique, and clips vary widely, as do the management and feeding of a clipped horse. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding common clipping practices. A questionnaire was published online in Germany and contained 32 questions. Four hundred ninety-eight people answered at least one question, and 373 individuals (7% male, 93% female; ages 14–59 years) completed all the questions. Clipped horses were predominantly used as sport horses (68%), and they were either clipped immediately before or during the winter season (88%) or year-round (7%). The clipping date was scheduled according to hair length (52%), sweat amount (47%), and drying time (47%). Participants primarily used two clips: the hunter clip and the blanket clip, both without clipping the head (23% each). The majority of the clipped horses wore a blanket day and night (> 90%). Future studies with observations in the field are needed to support survey data in an effort to develop welfare recommendations for clipping practices utilized with horses. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
Routledge |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
1088-8705 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1454319 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6613 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. |
Title |
Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
Volume |
52 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-9 |
Keywords |
Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training |
Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0737-0806 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6712 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Marler, P. |
Title |
Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
210 |
Issue |
4471 |
Pages |
801-803 |
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology; *Fear; Female; Male; Predatory Behavior; Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
PMID:7433999 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
351 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. |
Title |
Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
293 |
Issue |
5539 |
Pages |
2446-2449 |
Keywords |
Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain |
Abstract |
Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
PMID:11577235 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
414 |
Permanent link to this record |