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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Heusner, G. url  openurl
  Title Preliminary study of the development of the Flehmen response in Equus caballus Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 78 Issue 2-4 Pages 329-335  
  Keywords Horse behavior; Flehmen; Foal development  
  Abstract The flehmen response is commonly seen in most ungulates as well as in several other species (e.g. felids). The behavior is most often thought to be part of the sexual behavioral repertoire of males. One reigning hypothesis suggests that this behavior allows the male to determine the estrous state of a female through the chemosensory functions of the vomeronasal organ. However, females and young of both sexes also exhibit this behavior. Horse foals most frequently show the flehmen response during their first month of life with colts showing the behavior more often than fillies. This study tested the flehmen response on male and female foals throughout their pre-pubertal period. Foals were separately presented estrous and non-estrous urine weekly during the first month of life and then monthly until they were approximately 7 months of age. No significant differences were found between male and female foals for the following variables: latency to flehmen, duration of flehmen, frequency of flehmen and sniffs.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 615  
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Author Keay, J.M.; Singh, J.; Gaunt, M.C.; Kaur, T. doi  openurl
  Title Fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites as indicators of stress in various mammalian species: a literature review Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Abbreviated Journal J Zoo Wildl Med  
  Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 234-244  
  Keywords Animals; *Animals, Wild/metabolism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods/veterinary; Circadian Rhythm; Conservation of Natural Resources; *Ecosystem; Feces/*chemistry; Glucocorticoids/*analysis/metabolism; Humans; Seasons; Species Specificity; Specimen Handling/methods/veterinary; Stress, Psychological/*metabolism  
  Abstract Conservation medicine is a discipline in which researchers and conservationists study and respond to the dynamic interplay between animals, humans, and the environment. From a wildlife perspective, animal species are encountering stressors from numerous sources. With the rapidly increasing human population, a corresponding increased demand for food, fuel, and shelter; habitat destruction; and increased competition for natural resources, the health and well-being of wild animal populations is increasingly at risk of disease and endangerment. Scientific data are needed to measure the impact that human encroachment is having on wildlife. Nonbiased biometric data provide a means to measure the amount of stress being imposed on animals from humans, the environment, and other animals. The stress response in animals functions via glucocorticoid metabolism and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Fecal glucocorticoids, in particular, may be an extremely useful biometric test, since sample collection is noninvasive to subjects and, therefore, does not introduce other variables that may alter assay results. For this reason, many researchers and conservationists have begun to use fecal glucocorticoids as a means to measure stress in various animal species. This review article summarizes the literature on many studies in which fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites have been used to assess stress levels in various mammalian species. Variations between studies are the main focus of this review. Collection methods, storage conditions, shipping procedures, and laboratory techniques utilized by different researchers are discussed.  
  Address Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 0442 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA  
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  ISSN 1042-7260 ISBN Medium (down)  
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  Notes PMID:17319120 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 616  
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Author Morton, D.B. url  openurl
  Title Self-consciousness and animal suffering Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Biologist (London, England) Abbreviated Journal Biologist (London)  
  Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 77-80  
  Keywords Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept  
  Abstract Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare.  
  Address Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk  
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  ISSN 0006-3347 ISBN Medium (down)  
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  Notes PMID:11190233 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 618  
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Author Hall, C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The impact of visual perception on equine learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 29-33  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 619  
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Author Ninomiya, S. url  doi
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  Title Social leaning and stereotypy in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 22-23  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 620  
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Author Leblanc, M.-A.; Duncan, P. url  doi
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  Title Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 49-52  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 621  
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Author McCall, C.A. url  doi
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  Title Making equine learning research applicable to training procedures Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 27-28  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 623  
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Author Sigurjónsdóttir , H. url  doi
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  Title Equine learning behaviour: The importance of evolutionary and ecological approach in research Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 40-42  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 624  
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Author Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. url  doi
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  Title Social learning in horses from a novel perspective Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 37-39  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 625  
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Author Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. url  doi
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  Title Learning about horses: What is equine learning all about? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 34-36  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 627  
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