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Author | Broom, M. | ||||
Title | A unified model of dominance hierarchy formation and maintenance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
Volume | 219 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-72 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; *Models, Psychological; *Social Dominance; Social Environment | ||||
Abstract | In many different species it is common for animals to spend large portions of their lives in groups. Such groups need to divide available resources amongst the individuals they contain and this is often achieved by means of a dominance hierarchy. Sometimes hierarchies are stable over a long period of time and new individuals slot into pre-determined positions, but there are many situations where this is not so and a hierarchy is formed out of a group of individuals meeting for the first time. There are several different models both of the formation of such dominance hierarchies and of already existing hierarchies. These models often treat the two phases as entirely separate, whereas in reality, if there is a genuine formation phase to the hierarchy, behaviour in this phase will be governed by the rewards available, which in turn depends upon how the hierarchy operates once it has been formed. This paper describes a method of unifying models of these two distinct phases, assuming that the hierarchy formed is stable. In particular a framework is introduced which allows a variety of different models of each of the two parts to be used in conjunction with each other, thus enabling a wide range of situations to be modelled. Some examples are given to show how this works in practice. | ||||
Address | Centre for Statistics and Stochastic Modelling, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, U.K. m.broom@sussex.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:12392975 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 439 | ||
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Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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Author | Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. | ||||
Title | Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 5744-5749 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization. | ||||
Address | Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11960030 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 442 | ||
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Author | Hemelrijk, C.K.; Wantia, J. | ||||
Title | Individual variation by self-organisation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 125-136 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Female; Humans; *Individuality; Male; Models, Psychological; Sex Characteristics; *Social Dominance; Time Factors | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we show that differences in dominance and spatial centrality of individuals in a group may arise through self-organisation. Our instrument is a model, called DomWorld, that represents two traits that are often found in animals, namely grouping and competing. In this model individual differences grow under the following conditions: (1) when the intensity of aggression increases and grouping becomes denser, (2) when the degree of sexual dimorphism in fighting power increases. In this case the differences among females compared to males grow too, (3) when, upon encountering another individual, the tendency to attack is 'obligate' and not conditional, namely 'sensitive to risks'. Results resemble phenomena described for societies of primates, mice, birds and pigs. | ||||
Address | Theoretical Biology, University of Groningen, NN Haren, The Netherlands. hemelrij@ifi.unizh.ch | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0149-7634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:15652260 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 443 | ||
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Author | Dunbar, R. | ||||
Title | Evolution of the social brain | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 302 | Issue | 5648 | Pages | 1160-1161 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild; *Cognition; Endorphins/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Grooming; Hierarchy, Social; Language; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology; Papio/physiology/*psychology; *Reproduction; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Support; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:14615522 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 548 | ||
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Author | Grosenick, L.; Clement, T.S.; Fernald, R.D. | ||||
Title | Fish can infer social rank by observation alone | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 445 | Issue | 7126 | Pages | 429-432 |
Keywords | Aggression/physiology; Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Fishes/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Dominance; Territoriality | ||||
Abstract | Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how animals acquire and represent transitive relationships and why such abilities might have evolved remain open problems. Here we show that male fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) can successfully make inferences on a hierarchy implied by pairwise fights between rival males. These fish learned the implied hierarchy vicariously (as 'bystanders'), by watching fights between rivals arranged around them in separate tank units. Our findings show that fish use TI when trained on socially relevant stimuli, and that they can make such inferences by using indirect information alone. Further, these bystanders seem to have both spatial and featural representations related to rival abilities, which they can use to make correct inferences depending on what kind of information is available to them. Beyond extending TI to fish and experimentally demonstrating indirect TI learning in animals, these results indicate that a universal mechanism underlying TI is unlikely. Rather, animals probably use multiple domain-specific representations adapted to different social and ecological pressures that they encounter during the course of their natural lives. | ||||
Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. logang@stanford.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:17251980 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 600 | ||
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Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. | ||||
Title | Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
Volume | 41 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 202-216 |
Keywords | Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:961125 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 661 | ||
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Author | Beaver, B.V. | ||||
Title | Aggressive behavior problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 635-644 |
Keywords | Affect; Aggression/*psychology; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; Fear; *Horses; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment | ||||
Abstract | Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:3492250 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 674 | ||
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Author | Keiper, R.R. | ||||
Title | Social structure | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 465-484 |
Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Homing Behavior; *Horses; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:3492240 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 675 | ||
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Author | Craig, J.V. | ||||
Title | Measuring social behavior: social dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Journal of animal science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
Volume | 62 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1120-1129 |
Keywords | Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Chickens; Competitive Behavior; Female; Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Swine | ||||
Abstract | Social dominance develops more slowly when young animals are kept in intact peer groups where they need not compete for resources. Learned generalizations may cause smaller and weaker animals to accept subordinate status readily when confronted with strangers that would be formidable opponents. Sexual hormones and sensitivity to them can influence the onset of aggression and status attained. After dominance orders are established, they tend to be stable in female groups but are less so in male groups. Psychological influences can affect dominance relationships when strangers meet and social alliances within groups may affect relative status of individuals. Whether status associated with agonistic behavior is correlated with control of space and scarce resources needs to be determined for each species and each kind of resource. When such correlations exists, competitive tests and agonistic behavior associated with gaining access to scarce resources can be useful to the observer in learning about dominance relationships rapidly. Examples are given to illustrate how estimates of social dominance can be readily attained and some strengths and weaknesses of the various methods. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:3519554 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 676 | ||
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