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| Author | Gil, M.; Bhatt, R.; Picotte, K.B.; Hull, E.M. | ||||
| Title | Sexual experience increases oxytocin receptor gene expression and protein in the medial preoptic area of the male rat | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Psychoneuroendocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | Psychoneuroendocrinology |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1688-1697 |
| Keywords | Oxytocin; Oxytocin receptor; Sexual behavior; Sexual experience; Medial preoptic area; Hypothalamus; Rats | ||||
| Abstract | Oxytocin (OT) promotes social and reproductive behaviors in mammals, and OT deficits may be linked to disordered social behaviors like autism and severe anxiety. Male rat sexual behavior is an excellent model for OT regulation of behavior, as its pattern and neural substrates are well characterized. We previously reported that OT microinjected into the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a major integrative site for male sexual behavior, facilitates copulation in sexually experienced male rats, whereas intra-MPOA injection of an OT antagonist (OTA) inhibits copulation. In the present studies, copulation on the day of sacrifice stimulated OTR mRNA expression in the MPOA, irrespective of previous sexual experience, with the highest levels observed in first-time copulators. In addition, sexually experienced males had higher levels of OTR protein in the MPOA than sexually naïve males and first-time copulators. Finally, intra-MPOA injection of OT facilitated mating in sexually naive males. Others have reported a positive correlation between OT mRNA levels and male sexual behavior. Our studies show that OT in the MPOA facilitates mating in both sexually naive and experienced males, some of the behavioral effects of OT are mediated by the OTR, and sexual experience is associated with increased OTR expression in the MPOA. Taken together, these data suggest a reciprocal interaction between central OT and behavior, in which OT facilitates copulation and copulation stimulates the OT/OTR system in the brain. | ||||
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| Publisher | Pergamon Press. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0306-4530 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ S0306-4530(13)00040-1 | Serial | 5724 | ||
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| Author | Hoffmann, G.; Bentke, A.; Rose-Meierhöfer, S.; Berg, W.; Mazetti, P.; Hardarson, G.H. | ||||
| Title | Influence of an active stable system on the behavior and body condition of Icelandic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | animal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1684-1693 |
| Keywords | activity, automatic feeding system, behavior, body condition score, Icelandic horse | ||||
| Abstract | Horses are often stabled in individual boxes, a method that does not meet their natural needs and may cause psychical and musculoskeletal diseases. This problem is particularly evident in Iceland, where horses often spend the long winter periods in cramped boxes. The aim of this study was to analyze the suitability of a group housing system in Iceland, but the results are also applicable to horses of other regions. Eight Icelandic horses were observed in an active stable system, and their behavior and time budget were recorded. Movement and lying behavior were studied with ALT (Activity, Lying, Temperature detection) pedometers. The effect of an automatic concentrate feeding station (CFS) on the horses’ behavior was examined. In the first period of investigation, the horses were fed concentrates manually, and in the second period, they were fed with the CFS. Additional behavioral observations and a determination of social hierarchy occurred directly or by video surveillance. The physical condition of the horses was recorded by body weight (BW) measurement and body condition scoring (BCS). The results showed a significant increase between the first and second trial periods in both the activity (P,0.001) and the lying time (P50.003) of the horses with use of the CFS. However, there was no significant change in BW during the first period without the CFS (P50.884) or during the second period with the CFS (P50.540). The BCS of the horses was constant at a very good level during both trial periods, and the horses showed a low level of aggression, a firm social hierarchy and behavioral synchronization. This study concludes that group housing according to the active stable principle is a welfare-friendly option for keeping horses and is a suitable alternative to conventional individual boxes. |
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| Publisher | Cambridge Journals Online | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1751-732x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5759 | ||
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| Author | Obergfell, J. | ||||
| Title | Einf lus s v on St ruktur e l ement en auf da s Li eg ev e rha l t en v on Pf e rden in Gruppenha l tung unt e r Be rücks i cht igung de s Ag g r e s s i ons v e rha l t ens | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Pferde, Ruheverhalten, Liegeverhalten, Aggressionsverhalten, Strukturelemente, Rangordnung [horses, rest behavior, lying behavior, aggression behavior, structural elements, rank order] | ||||
| Abstract | Durch die vorliegende Studie wurde der Einfluss von Strukturelementen auf das Liege- und Aggressionsverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung untersucht. Die Strukturelemente sollten Rückzugsmöglichkeiten bieten, sowie in ihrem Bereich zur Aufhebung der Individualdistanz führen und dadurch die Fläche relativ vergrößern. Für die Versuche stellte das Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach drei unabhängige Pferdegruppen mit verschiedener Herdengröße zur Verfügung, die jeweils in Einraum- Innenlaufställen gehalten wurden. Die Datenerfassung fand zwischen 23 und sieben Uhr statt. Insgesamt wurden 366 Stunden Videomaterial ausgewertet. Beim Ruheverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des event-sampling- Verfahrens die Parameter Gesamtliegedauer, Dauer in Seitenlage, Dauer der Einzelphasen in Seitenlage und Abliegehäufigkeit pro Nacht erfasst. Es wurden Versuchsphasen ohne Strukturelemente und mit hängenden Planen als Strukturierung durchgeführt. Im ersten Stall kamen außerdem über einander gestapelte Strohballen zum Einsatz. Diese Art der Strukturierung stellte sich jedoch als nicht praktikabel heraus und führte im Vergleich zu den Planen zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der Gesamtliegedauer. In Stall 1 konnte man eine tendenzielle Verbesserung der Parameter Gesamtliegedauer und Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage durch das Anbringen von Planen sehen. In Stall 3 dagegen verschlechterte sich das Ruheverhalten in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen gegenüber den Versuchsphasen ohne Struktur. Die Werte der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage nahmen signifikant ab. In Stall 2 zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Möglicherweise ist die Wirkung der Strukturelemente auf das Liegeverhalten abhängig von der Flächengröße. Stall 1 hatte bezogen auf die Leitlinien des BMELV die größte und Stall 3 die kleinste Fläche. Bei den anderen Parametern des Liegeverhaltens gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Mit Hilfe des time-sampling-Verfahrens wurde die Anzahl gleichzeitig liegender Pferde und gleichzeitig liegender Pferde in Seitenlage bestimmt. Auch hier zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Versuchsphasen. Bei der Gegenüberstellung der Werte der Gesamtliegedauer und der Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage mit dem Alter der Pferde (Stall 1 und Stall 3) und mit dem Integrationszeitpunkt (Stall 1) konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Beim Aggressionsverhalten wurden mit Hilfe des event-sampling-Verfahrens in den Ställen 2 und 3 verschiedene Arten von Aggressionen erfasst, die dann in die drei Intensitätsgrade Low-Level-, Mid-Level- und High-Level- Aggressionen unterteilt wurden. Neben der Anzahl wurde die Dauer der verschiedenen Aggressionen bewertet. Insgesamt konnte eine positive Wirkung der Planen auf das Aggressionsverhalten beobachtet werden. Die Gesamtanzahl an Aggressionen nahm in beiden Ställen tendenziell in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen ab. In Stall 3 konnte, wenn man die Aggressionen stundenweise betrachtet, ein signifikanter Unterschied festgestellt werden. Auch der Hinterhandschlag und die Aggressionen, welche das Ruheverhalten stören, verringerten sich tendenziell nach dem Anbringen von Strukturelementen. In beiden Ställen nahm die relative Häufigkeit von Mid-Level-Aggressionen nach dem Anbringen von Planen zu. Dagegen konnte bei den High-Level-Aggressionen und in Stall 3 bei den Low-Level- Aggressionen eine relative Abnahme beobachtet werden. Sowohl die Anzahl als auch die Dauer der Mid-Level-Aggressionen verringerten sich in Stall 3 stundenweise betrachtet signifikant in den Versuchsphasen mit Planen. In Stall 2 war bei den High-Level- Aggressionen sowohl bei der Dauer als auch bei der Anzahl eine signifikante Abnahme zu sehen. Wenn man das Aggressionsverhalten in Bezug zu der Fläche in den zwei Ställen betrachtet, schien diese vor allem einen Einfluss auf die High-Level-Aggressionen zu nehmen. Mit Hilfe des Rangindex der Pferde im Stall 3 wurde eine Rangordnung aufgestellt. Zwischen dem Platz der Pferde in der Rangordnung und den Parametern des Ruheverhaltens (Gesamtliegedauer, Gesamtdauer in Seitenlage) sowie dem Alter der Pferde konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Zwischen dem Rangindex und der Gesamtanzahl an Aggressionen bestand dagegen ein hoch signifikanter Zusammenhang. Im Rahmen dieser Studie ist das Anbringen von Strukturelementen in Bezug auf das Aggressionsverhalten in Einraum-Innenlaufställen von Pferden zu empfehlen. Die Wirkung auf das Liegeverhalten der Pferde sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden. [In this study the influence of structural elements on lying and aggression behavior in horses kept in groups was exanimated. Structural elements should offer the possibility of retreat. Furthermore, within the respective area, the individual distance should be limited, thus increasing the overall space relatively. For the studies the “Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach” provided three non-related groups of different sized horses, each kept in separate “Einraum-Innenlaufställen”. Data collection took place between 11 pm and 7 am. Altogether, 366 hours of video material were analyzed. Using the event-sampling-method, the following parameters within the horses´ resting behavior were determined: The total lying period, the total lying period in lateral position, the periods of the single lying in lateral position and the frequency of lying down. Test phases were carried out without structural elements and with hanging canvases as structural elements. In the first stable there were also three bales of straw piled up on top of each other. This kind of structuring emerged as impractical and in comparison to the canvas, led to a significant deterioration to the total period of lying. After the canvases were fixed in the first stable, a slight improvement with the parameters of total lying period and total lying period in the lateral position could be seen. In contrast, the resting behavior in stable 3 worsened in the test phases with the canvases in comparison to the test phases without structural elements. The values for the total lying period in the lateral position decreased significantly. In stable 2, there were no differences in the different test phases. Possibly the effect of the structural elements is dependent of the space. Stable 1 had the largest space and stable 3 the least space referred to the guideline of the BMELV. The other parameters of the lying behavior showed no significant differences in the different test phases. The number of horses lying at the same time, and the number of horses lying at the same time in the lateral position were detected with the aid of the time-sampling-method. There were also no differences between the different test phases. If the values of the total lying period and the total lying period in lateral position were compared to the age of the horses (stable 1 and stable 3) and to the point of integration (stable 1), there was no correlation. Different kinds of aggression were detected by the means of the event-sampling-method in stable 2 and 3 and were subdivided into the three levels of intensity: Low-level-, mid-level and high-level-aggressions. Both the number and the duration of the different aggressions were evaluated. All in all a positive influence of the canvas on the aggression behavior could be observed. In both stables, the total number of aggressions decreased in the test phases with canvases. In stable 3 a significant difference could be detected, if the aggressions were observed per hour. Also hind limb kicks and aggressions disturbing the resting behavior, decreased by trend, after fixing the canvases in the stable. In both stables the relative frequency of mid-level-aggressions increased after the canvases were mounted. In contrast there was a relative decrease at the high-level-aggressions and in stable 3 at the low-levelaggressions. The number and the duration of the mid-level-aggressions in stable 3 decreased, when considered by the hour in the test phases with canvases. In stable 2 a significant decrease in duration and number of high-level-aggressions was observed. When examining aggression behavior in reference to space in the two stables, high-level-aggressions seemed to be mostly influenced. In stable 3 a rank order was established with the aid of the rank index of the horses. There was no correlation between the horses´ rank and the parameters of the resting behavior (the total lying period, the total lying period in lateral position) and between horses´ rank and age. In contrast, there was a high significant correlation between the rank index and the total number of aggressions. In context to this study, structural elements in “Einraum-Innenlaufställen” (BMELV 2009) seem to have a positive influence on the aggression behavior and thus seem to be recommendable. The influence on the lying behavior should be investigated in further studies.] |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Karlsruhe | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5772 | ||
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| Author | Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. | ||||
| Title | Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Int J Neurosci | Abbreviated Journal | International Journal of Neuroscience |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 123-134 |
| Keywords | Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology | ||||
| Abstract | We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. | ||||
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| Publisher | Informa Clin Med | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0020-7454 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5777 | ||
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| Author | Shen, Y.-Q.; Hebert, G.; Lin, L.-Y.; Luo, Y.-L.; Moze, E.; Li, K.-S.; Neveu, P.J. | ||||
| Title | Interleukine-1β and interleukine-6 levels in striatum and other brain structures after MPTP treatment: influence of behavioral lateralization | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of Neuroimmunology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 158 | Issue | 1–2 | Pages | 14-25 |
| Keywords | N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Dopamine; Brain; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-1β; Behavioral lateralization | ||||
| Abstract | MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induces diminution of the dopamine in nigrostriatal pathway and cognitive deficits in mice. MPTP treatment also increases pro-inflammatory cytokine production in substantia nigra and striatum. Since, pro-inflammatory cytokines influence striatal dopamine content and provoke cognitive impairments, the cognitive defects induced by MPTP may be partly due to brain cytokine induction in other structures than nigrostriatal pathway. Furthermore, behavioral lateralization, as assessed by paw preference, influences cytokine production at the periphery and in the central nervous system. Behavioral lateralization may thus influence brain cytokine levels after MPTP. In order to address these issues, mice selected for paw preference were injected with 25 mg/kg MPTP i.p. for five consecutive days after which striatal dopamine and DOPAC contents were measured by HPLC and IL-1β and IL-6 quantified by ELISA in the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. The results showed that MPTP treatment induced dramatic loss of DA in striatum, simultaneously, IL-6 levels decreased in the striatum and increased in hippocampus and hypothalamus, while IL-1β levels decreased in the striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly, striatal dopamine turnover under basal conditions as well as striatal IL-1β and IL-6 levels under basal conditions and after MPTP depended on behavioral lateralization. Left pawed mice showed a higher decrease in dopamine turnover and lower cytokine levels as compared to right pawed animals. Behavioral lateralization also influenced IL-6 hippocampal levels under basal conditions and IL-1β cortical levels after MPTP. From these results, it can be concluded that MPTP-induced cognitive defects are accompanied by an alteration of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in brain structures other than those involved in the nigrostriatal pathway. In addition, MPTP-induced dopamine decrease is influenced by behavioral lateralization, possibly through an effect on brain cytokine levels. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0165-5728 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5781 | ||
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| Author | Siniscalchi, M.; Sasso, R.; Pepe, A.M.; Dimatteo, S.; Vallortigara, G.; Quaranta, A. | ||||
| Title | Catecholamine plasma levels following immune stimulation with rabies vaccine in dogs selected for their paw preferences | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Neuroscience Letters | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 476 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 142-145 |
| Keywords | Physiology; Behavior; Lateralization; Catecholamines; Paw preference; Neuro-immune-modulation | ||||
| Abstract | Epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels were assessed in dogs in relation to paw preference following an immune challenge with rabies vaccine. The results showed that both catecholamines increased after the vaccine administration, confirming the main role of the sympathetic nervous system in the modulation activity between the brain and the immune system. Moreover, ambidextrous dogs showed a significantly higher increase of epinephrine levels 8 days after immunization with respect to right- and left-pawed dogs, suggesting that the biological activity of this molecule could be key for a different immune response with regard to laterality. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0304-3940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5788 | ||
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| Author | Kienapfel, Kathrin | ||||
| Title | Und was meinen die Pferde dazu? – Über das Ausdrucksverhalten von Pferden bei verschiedenen Halsstellungen [ And what are the opinions of the horses? – On the expressive behaviour of horses in different neck positions] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Pferdeheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 357-372-380 |
| Keywords | rolling up / head-neck-position / low- deep-round / hyperflexion of neck / behavior expression of discomfort / horse protection / animal welfare Kopf-Hals-Position / „Rollkur“ / Tierschutz / Ausdrucksverhalten | ||||
| Abstract | The purpose of this study is to find convincing arguments, how horses should be ridden correctly, especially concerning the best head and neck position. Currently in the riding world, the opinions differ: The traditional way is to ride a horse with its nose in front of the vertical, while a new method claims that pulling the nose behind the vertical with an extreme flexion of the poll implies “gymnastic movements”. This article is focussed on the welfare and comfort of the horse in different head-neck positions, expressed by behaviours which document discomfort. As a first step, the behaviour of standing horses was observed while their heads and necks were put into seven postulated or frequently assumed positions. In the hyperflexed position the horses displayed most discomfort (with 49,7% of all reactions, like open mouths, head tossing, tail movements and other signs of resentment). The second strongest reactions of discomfort were shown in the highly raised position of the head (34,9%). The moderately rounded neck position as in traditional dressage lessons was not without signs of discomfort either, but less than the other two positions (11,2%). The high position and the extended position did not cause discomfort at all (0,17% and 0,23% respectively). In a second step, horses moving in all gaits under a rider were observed at competitions without the riders´ knowledge. The total number of observations was divided into two categories (each containing 30 horses) on the basis of the common rules of the FN: ridden with the horse’s nose in front of the vertical and ridden with the horse’s nose behind the vertical. The proportion of horses showing discomfort with the nose behind the vertical was clearly much higher (89,3%) compared to those ridden with the nose in front of the vertical (10,7%). Thus, the horses in the first category displayed signs of discomfort 8 times more frequent than those in the second group. In addition, scans carried out at tournaments showed that 92.8% of the horses were ridden with the nose behind the vertical. A clear result of this study is that the reality of riding differs widely from the rules. These results also show that riding in the hyperflexed position causes a great deal of discomfort for the horses and therefore should be abolished. Die aktuellen Diskussionen in der Reiterwelt, welche Art und Weise des Reitens, besonders welche Kopf-Hals-Stellung zu erstreben ist, werfen die Frage auf, ob und wie die Pferde selbst ihr Befinden zum Ausdruck bringen. Über die Empfindungen der Pferde in verschiedenen Kopfhaltungen ist bisher sehr wenig bekannt. Deswegen wurde zunächst an stehenden Pferden das Ausdrucksverhalten beobachtet. Missfallensäußerungen häuften sich (mit 49,7% aller gezeigten Verhaltensauffälligkeiten wie Sperren, Rückwärtsgehen und Kopfschlagen) in der aufgerollten, hyperflektierten Stellung des Halses. An zweiter Stelle folgten Unmutsäußerungen in der absolut aufgerichteten Haltung (34,9%). Auch die beigezäumte Haltung wurde nicht ohne Unmutsbekundungen hingenommen, hier war deren Anzahl aber wesentlich geringer (11,2%). Die hohe Kopfstellung (0,17%) und die Dehnungshaltung (0,23%) bereiteten den Tieren kaum Unbehagen. Auch das Ausdrucksverhalten der Pferde unter dem Reiter wurde untersucht. Hierfür wurden, unter Berücksichtigung der schriftlich fixierten Regeln für das Turnierwesen der FN, je 30 Pferde in zwei Kategorien beobachtet: mit der Stirnlinie vor der Senkrechten und Pferde mit der Stirnlinie hinter der Senkrechten. Die Beobachtungen wurden unbemerkt von den Reitern auf den Abreiteplätzen von Turnieren durchgeführt. Die Anzahl an Verhaltensauffälligkeiten der Pferde mit der Stirnlinie hinter der Senkrechten war deutlich (89,3 %) erhöht im Gegensatz zu der anderen Gruppe (10,7 %). Die Pferde mit der Stirnlinie hinter der Senkrechten zeigten 8 Mal mehr Unmutsäußerungen als die mit der Stirnlinie vor der Senkrechten. Entgegen den Regeln der FN zeigten die durchgeführten Scans, dass unmittelbar vor den Prüfungen auf Turnieren 92,8% der Pferde mit der Stirnnasen-Linie hinter der Senkrechten geritten wurden. Ein Befund dieser Studie ist die Feststellung, dass die Praxis deutlich von den Regeln abweicht. Das Reiten mit der Stirnlinie hinter der Senkrechten ist nach diesen Befunden abzulehnen, da die Pferde deutliches Unwohlsein in dieser Haltung signalisieren. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5792 | ||
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| Author | Schino, G.; di Sorrentino, E.P.; Tiddi, B. | ||||
| Title | Grooming and coalitions in Japanese macaques (<em>Macaca fuscata</em>): Partner choice and the time frame reciprocation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 121 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 181-188 |
| Keywords | *Altruism; *Animal Grooming Behavior; *Animal Social Behavior; *Reciprocity; Monkeys | ||||
| Abstract | Evidence of a reciprocal exchange of grooming and agonistic support in primates is mixed. In this study, the authors analyzed a large database of grooming and coalitions in captive female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to investigate their within-group distribution and temporal relations. Macaques groomed preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and supported preferentially those individuals that supported them most. They also supported preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and groomed preferentially those individuals that supported them most. These results were not explained by covariation of grooming and support with third variables such as kinship, rank, or time spent in proximity. However, receiving grooming did not increase the short-term probability of supporting a partner, and being supported did not increase the short-term probability of grooming a partner. The proximate mechanisms underlying the exchange of services were discussed in relation to the time frame of the behavioral choices made by the monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
| Address | Schino, Gabriele: Via Lucilio 36, Roma, Italy, 00136, gschino@casaccia.enea.it | ||||
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| Publisher | American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Us | Editor | |
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| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 2007-07076-007 | Serial | 5810 | ||
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| Author | Romero, T.; Aureli, F. | ||||
| Title | Reciprocity of support in coatis (Nasua nasua) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 122 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 19-25 |
| Keywords | *Animal Aggressive Behavior; *Animal Social Behavior; *Mammals; Reciprocity | ||||
| Abstract | Primate sociality has received much attention and its complexity has been viewed as a driving force for the evolution of cognitive abilities. Improved analytic techniques have allowed primate researchers to reveal intricate social networks based on the exchange of cooperative acts and services. Although nonprimates are known to show similar behavior (e.g., cooperative hunting, food sharing, coalitions) there seems a consensus that social life is less complex than in primates. Here the authors present the first group-level analysis of reciprocity of social interactions in a social carnivore, the ring-tailed coati (<xh:i xmlns:search=“http://marklogic.com/appservices/search” xmlns=“http://apa.org/pimain” xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns:xh=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”>Nasua nasua</xh:i>). The authors found that support in aggressive conflicts is a common feature in coatis and that this behavior is reciprocally exchanged in a manner seemingly as complex as in primates. Given that reciprocity correlations persisted after controlling for the effect of spatial association and subunit membership, some level of scorekeeping may be involved. Further studies will be needed to confirm our findings and understand the mechanisms underlying such reciprocity, but our results contribute to the body of work that has begun to challenge primate supremacy in social complexity and cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
| Address | Romero, Teresa: Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 N. Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, US, 30329, mromer2@emory.edu | ||||
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| Publisher | American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Us | Editor | |
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| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 2008-01944-003 | Serial | 5812 | ||
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| Author | Hasenjager, M.J.; Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
| Title | Social Network Analysis in Behavioral Ecology | Type | Book Chapter | ||
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| Keywords | Animal personalities; Animal social networks; Collective behavior; Cooperation; Dynamic networks; Emergent properties; Network theory; Social behavior; Social learning; Social structure | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract In recent years, behavioral ecologists have embraced social network analysis (SNA) in order to explore the structure of animal societies and the functional consequences of that structure. We provide a conceptual introduction to the field that focuses on historical developments, as well as on novel insights generated by recent work. First, we discuss major advances in the analysis of nonhuman societies, culminating in the use of SNA by behavioral ecologists. Next, we discuss how network-based approaches have enhanced our understanding of social structure and behavior over the past decade, focusing on: (1) information transmission, (2) collective behaviors, (3) animal personality, and (4) cooperation. These behaviors and phenomena possess several features—e.g., indirect effects, emergent properties—that network analysis is well equipped to handle. Finally, we highlight recent developments in SNA that are allowing behavioral ecologists to address increasingly sophisticated questions regarding the structure and function of animal sociality. | ||||
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hasenjager | Serial | 5863 | ||
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