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| Author | MacLean, E.; Matthews, L.; Hare, B.; Nunn, C.; Anderson, R.; Aureli, F.; Brannon, E.; Call, J.; Drea, C.; Emery, N.; Haun, D.; Herrmann, E.; Jacobs, L.; Platt, M.; Rosati, A.; Sandel, A.; Schroepfer, K.; Seed, A.; Tan, J.; van Schaik, C.; Wobber, V. | ||||
| Title | How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 223-238 |
| Keywords | Biomedizin & Life Sciences | ||||
| Abstract | Now more than ever animal studies have the potential to test hypotheses regarding how cognition evolves. Comparative psychologists have developed new techniques to probe the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal behavior, and they have become increasingly skillful at adapting methodologies to test multiple species. Meanwhile, evolutionary biologists have generated quantitative approaches to investigate the phylogenetic distribution and function of phenotypic traits, including cognition. In particular, phylogenetic methods can quantitatively (1) test whether specific cognitive abilities are correlated with life history (e.g., lifespan), morphology (e.g., brain size), or socio-ecological variables (e.g., social system), (2) measure how strongly phylogenetic relatedness predicts the distribution of cognitive skills across species, and (3) estimate the ancestral state of a given cognitive trait using measures of cognitive performance from extant species. Phylogenetic methods can also be used to guide the selection of species comparisons that offer the strongest tests of a priori predictions of cognitive evolutionary hypotheses (i.e., phylogenetic targeting). Here, we explain how an integration of comparative psychology and evolutionary biology will answer a host of questions regarding the phylogenetic distribution and history of cognitive traits, as well as the evolutionary processes that drove their evolution. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5604 | ||
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| Author | Kaminski, G.; Gentaz, E.; Mazens, K. | ||||
| Title | Development of children’s ability to detect kinship through facial resemblance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 421-427 |
| Keywords | Biomedizin & Life Sciences | ||||
| Abstract | Facial features appear to be a prominent kinship cue for ascribing relatedness among human individuals. Although there is evidence that adults can detect kinship in unrelated and unfamiliar individual’s faces, it remains to be seen whether people already possess the ability when they are young. To further understand the development of this skill, we explored children’s ability to detect parent-offspring resemblance in unrelated and unfamiliar faces. To this end, we tested approximately 140 children, aged 5–11, in two photo-matching tasks. We used a procedure that asked them to match one neonate’s face to one of three adults’ faces (Task 1), or to match one adult’s face to one of three neonate’s faces (Task 2). Our findings reveal asymmetrical performance, depending on the tasks assigned (performance of Task 2 is stronger than for Task 1), and on the sex of individuals who made up the parent-offspring pair (male parents are better matched with neonates than female parents, and boys are better matched than girls). The picture that emerges from our study is, on one hand, that the ability to detect kinship is already present at the age of five but continues to improve as one gets older, and on the other, that perception of parent-offspring facial resemblance varies according to the appraisers’ characteristics. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5605 | ||
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| Author | Meyer, S.; Nürnberg, G.; Puppe, B.; Langbein, J. | ||||
| Title | The cognitive capabilities of farm animals: categorisation learning in dwarf goats (Capra hircus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 567-576 |
| Keywords | Biomedizin & Life Sciences | ||||
| Abstract | The ability to establish categories enables organisms to classify stimuli, objects and events by assessing perceptual, associative or rational similarities and provides the basis for higher cognitive processing. The cognitive capabilities of farm animals are receiving increasing attention in applied ethology, a development driven primarily by scientifically based efforts to improve animal welfare. The present study investigated the learning of perceptual categories in Nigerian dwarf goats ( Capra hircus ) by using an automated learning device installed in the animals’ pen. Thirteen group-housed goats were trained in a closed-economy approach to discriminate artificial two-dimensional symbols presented in a four-choice design. The symbols belonged to two categories: category I, black symbols with an open centre (rewarded) and category II, the same symbols but filled black (unrewarded). One symbol from category I and three different symbols from category II were used to define a discrimination problem. After the training of eight problems, the animals were presented with a transfer series containing the training problems interspersed with completely new problems made from new symbols belonging to the same categories. The results clearly demonstrate that dwarf goats are able to form categories based on similarities in the visual appearance of artificial symbols and to generalise across new symbols. However, the goats had difficulties in discriminating specific symbols. It is probable that perceptual problems caused these difficulties. Nevertheless, the present study suggests that goats housed under farming conditions have well-developed cognitive abilities, including learning of open-ended categories. This result could prove beneficial by facilitating animals’ adaptation to housing environments that favour their cognitive capabilities. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5615 | ||
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| Author | Pimenta, V.; Barroso, I.; Boitani, L.; Beja, P. | ||||
| Title | Risks a la carte: Modelling the occurrence and intensity of wolf predation on multiple livestock species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | Biol. Conserva. |
| Volume | 228 | Issue | Pages | 331-342 | |
| Keywords | Human-wildlife conflict; Large carnivores; Livestock husbandry systems; Predation risk; Predation intensity | ||||
| Abstract | Predation on livestock is a source of human-wildlife conflicts and can undermine the conservation of large carnivores. To design effective mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the determinants of predation across livestock species, which often differ in husbandry practices, vulnerability to predators and economic value. Moreover, attention should be given to both predation occurrence and intensity, because these can have different spatial patterns and predictors. We used spatial risk modelling to quantify factors affecting wolf predation on five livestock species in Portugal. Within the 1619 parishes encompassing the entire wolf range in the country, the national wolf compensation scheme recorded 17,670 predation events in 2009-2015, each involving one or more livestock species: sheep (31.7%), cattle (27.7%), goats (26.8%), horses (14.8%) and donkeys (3.2%). Models built with 2009-2013 data and validated with 2014-2015 data, showed a shared general pattern of predation probability on each species increasing with its own density and proximity to wolf packs. For some species there were positive relations with the density of other livestock species, and with habitat variables such as altitude, and land cover by shrubland and natural pastures. There was also a general pattern for predation intensity on each species increasing with its own density, while proximity to wolf packs had no significant effects. Predation intensity on goats, cattle and horses increased with the use of communal versus private pastures. Our results suggest that although predation may occur wherever wolves coexist with livestock species, high predation intensity is mainly restricted to particular areas where husbandry practices increase the vulnerability of animals, and this is where mitigation efforts should concentrate. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0006-3207 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6438 | ||
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| Author | Gehring, T.M.; VerCauteren, K.C.; Provost, M.L.; Cellar, A.C. | ||||
| Title | Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Wildl. Res. | Abbreviated Journal | Wildl. Res. |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 715-721 |
| Keywords | bovine tuberculosis, coyote, grey wolf, livestock protection dog, mesopredators, white-tailed deer, wildlife damage management. | ||||
| Abstract | Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis).Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures.Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation.Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs.Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle.Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6575 | ||
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| Author | Boyce, P.N.; McLoughlin, P.D. | ||||
| Title | Ecological Interactions Involving Feral Horses and Predators: Review with Implications for Biodiversity Conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | The Journal of Wildlife Management | Abbreviated Journal | Jour. Wild. Mgmt. |
| Volume | n/a | Issue | n/a | Pages | |
| Keywords | apparent competition; artificial selection; community ecology; conservation; feral horse (Equus ferus caballus); life history; predator-prey dynamics | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT For many ecosystems, feral horses are increasingly becoming an important if not dominant component of ungulate biomass and hence influence on community dynamics. Yet we still know little of how horses contribute to key ecological interactions including predator-prey and indirect competitive relationships at a community level. Notably, feral species like horses can exhibit life-history traits that differ from that of native (mainly artiodactyl) herbivore competitors. Artificial selection for traits like increased, early, or extended reproduction that have yet to be reversed by natural selection, coupled with naturally selected differences in anatomy and behavior, in addition to unique management objectives for horses compared to other species, means that the dynamics of feral horse populations are not likely to align with what might be expected of other large herbivores. Unexpected population dynamics and inherent biological asymmetries between native ungulates and feral horses may therefore influence the former via direct competition for shared resources and through enemy-mediated interactions like apparent competition. In several localities feral horses now co-exist with multiple native prey species, some of which are in decline or are species at risk. Compounding risks to native species from direct or indirect competitive exclusion by horses is the unique nature and socio-political context of feral horse management, which tends towards allowing horse populations to be limited largely by natural, density-dependent factors. We summarize the inherent asymmetries between feral horse biology and that of other ungulate prey species with consequences for conservation, focusing on predator-prey and emerging indirect interactions in multi-prey systems, and highlight future directions to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of how feral horses may now be contributing to the (re)structuring of food webs. Observations of patterns of rapid growth and decline, and associated skews in sex ratios of feral horse populations, indicate a heightened potential for indirect interactions among large ungulate prey species, where there is a prevalence of feral horses as preferred prey, particularly where native prey are declining. In places like western North America, we expect predator-prey interactions involving feral horses to become an increasingly important factor in the conservation of wildlife. This applies not only to economically or culturally important game species but also at-risk species, both predators (e.g., wolves [Canis lupus], grizzly bears [Ursus arctos]) and prey (e.g., woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus caribou]), necessitating an ecological understanding of the role of horses in natural environments that goes beyond that of population control. ? 2021 The Wildlife Society. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-541x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21995 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6642 | ||
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| Author | Burton, A.C.; Neilson, E.; Moreira, D.; Ladle, A.; Steenweg, R.; Fisher, J.T.; Bayne, E.; Boutin, S. | ||||
| Title | REVIEW: Wildlife camera trapping: a review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Ecol |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 675-685 |
| Keywords | animal movement; camera trap; capture-recapture; density estimation; imperfect detection; mammal monitoring; occupancy model; relative abundance; sampling error; wildlife survey methodology | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Reliable assessment of animal populations is a long-standing challenge in wildlife ecology. Technological advances have led to widespread adoption of camera traps (CTs) to survey wildlife distribution, abundance and behaviour. As for any wildlife survey method, camera trapping must contend with sources of sampling error such as imperfect detection. Early applications focused on density estimation of naturally marked species, but there is growing interest in broad-scale CT surveys of unmarked populations and communities. Nevertheless, inferences based on detection indices are controversial, and the suitability of alternatives such as occupancy estimation is debatable. We reviewed 266 CT studies published between 2008 and 2013. We recorded study objectives and methodologies, evaluating the consistency of CT protocols and sampling designs, the extent to which CT surveys considered sampling error, and the linkages between analytical assumptions and species ecology. Nearly two-thirds of studies surveyed more than one species, and a majority used response variables that ignored imperfect detection (e.g. presence?absence, relative abundance). Many studies used opportunistic sampling and did not explicitly report details of sampling design and camera deployment that could affect conclusions. Most studies estimating density used capture?recapture methods on marked species, with spatially explicit methods becoming more prominent. Few studies estimated density for unmarked species, focusing instead on occupancy modelling or measures of relative abundance. While occupancy studies estimated detectability, most did not explicitly define key components of the modelling framework (e.g. a site) or discuss potential violations of model assumptions (e.g. site closure). Studies using relative abundance relied on assumptions of equal detectability, and most did not explicitly define expected relationships between measured responses and underlying ecological processes (e.g. animal abundance and movement). Synthesis and applications. The rapid adoption of camera traps represents an exciting transition in wildlife survey methodology. We remain optimistic about the technology's promise, but call for more explicit consideration of underlying processes of animal abundance, movement and detection by cameras, including more thorough reporting of methodological details and assumptions. Such transparency will facilitate efforts to evaluate and improve the reliability of camera trap surveys, ultimately leading to stronger inferences and helping to meet modern needs for effective ecological inquiry and biodiversity monitoring. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-8901 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12432 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6703 | ||
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| Author | Berger, J. | ||||
| Title | Wild Horses of the Great Basin: Social Competition and Population Size | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Wildlife Behavior Ecology | ||||
| Abstract | Editorial Reviews From Library Journal Berger begins this scholarly and absorbing treatise by discussing the natural history of the horse in general. Then, on the basis of several years of field work, he describes and details the behavior and ecology of the wild horses in the Great Basin Desert of Nevada. The purpose of the book is not, however, merely to describe natural history, but also to test quantitatively several basic ecological hypotheses. Berger has done both well, and his book will be a major source of information on North American wild horses for years to come. The book will interest specialists and graduate students primarily. It may also appeal to anyone with a strong interest in wild horses, and the remote and starkly beautiful Great Basin. Nicholas J. Volkman, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, Cal. Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc. |
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | |
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Englisch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226043678 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2173 | ||
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| Author | Cheung, C.; Akiyama, T.E.; Ward, J.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Feigenbaum, L.; Vinson, C.; Gonzalez, F.J. | ||||
| Title | Diminished hepatocellular proliferation in mice humanized for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Cancer research | Abbreviated Journal | Cancer Res |
| Volume | 64 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3849-3854 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology; Carcinogens/pharmacology; Cell Division; DNA Replication/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Hepatocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology; Pyrimidines/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology; Species Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Lipid-lowering fibrate drugs function as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Sustained activation of PPARalpha leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. However, humans appear to be resistant to the induction of peroxisome proliferation and the development of liver cancer by fibrate drugs. The molecular basis of this species difference is not known. To examine the mechanism determining species differences in peroxisome proliferator response between mice and humans, a PPARalpha-humanized mouse line was generated in which the human PPARalpha was expressed in liver under control of the tetracycline responsive regulatory system. The PPARalpha-humanized and wild-type mice responded to treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wy-14643 as revealed by induction of genes encoding peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolizing enzymes and resultant decrease of serum triglycerides. However, surprisingly, only the wild-type mice and not the PPARalpha-humanized mice exhibited hepatocellular proliferation as revealed by elevation of cell cycle control genes, increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into hepatocyte nuclei, and hepatomegaly. These studies establish that following ligand activation, the PPARalpha-mediated pathways controlling lipid metabolism are independent from those controlling the cell proliferation pathways. These findings also suggest that structural differences between human and mouse PPARalpha are responsible for the differential susceptibility to the development of hepatocarcinomas observed after treatment with fibrates. The PPARalpha-humanized mice should serve as models for use in drug development and human risk assessment and to determine the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis of peroxisome proliferators. | ||||
| Address | Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA | ||||
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| ISSN | 0008-5472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15172993 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 74 | ||
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| Author | Alexander, F.; Collett, R.A. | ||||
| Title | Proceedings: Some observations on the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1974 | Publication | British journal of pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Br J Pharmacol |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 142p |
| Keywords | Animals; Half-Life; Horses/*metabolism; Kinetics; Trimethoprim/*metabolism | ||||
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| ISSN | 0007-1188 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:4451793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 112 | ||
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