| Records |
| Author |
Keiper Rr, |
| Title |
Population dynamics of feral ponies. |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
175-184 |
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Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids |
Place of Publication |
Laramie |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1252 |
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| Author |
Kahurananga, J.; Silkiluwasha, F. |
| Title |
The migration of zebra and wildebeest between Tarangire National Park and Simanjiro Plains, northern Tanzania, in 1972 and recent trends |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
African Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Afr J Ecol |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
179-185 |
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| Abstract |
In 1972, four aerial censuses were carried out to assess the annual migration of zebra and wildebeest between Tarangire National Park and Simanjiro Plains. About 6000 zebra and 10,000 wildebeest were in the Plains in the middle of the rainy season, in April. During the dry season in August the animals were concentrated in the Park. The migration from the Park to the Plains started at beginning of the rains, in November/December. Recent censuses by Tanzania Wildlife Conservation Monitoring (TWCM, 1991, 1995) indicate that an estimated 23,000 zebra and 11,000 wildebeest migrate into the Park from Simanjiro and other wet season areas. Encroaching cultivation is a threat to the migration corridors and sustainability of the ecosystem . Providing benefits from wildlife to communities around the park would safeguard the future of the wildlife. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kahurananga1997 |
Serial |
2312 |
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| Author |
Klingel H, |
| Title |
A Comparison of the Social Organization of the Equids. in Denniston RH (ed) |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of Wild and Feral Equids, Laramie 1979 |
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Pages |
23-30 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1315 |
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| Author |
Ruffner Ga, C.S. |
| Title |
Age structure, condition, and reproduction of two burro (Equus asinus) populations from Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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Pages |
235 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1534 |
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| Author |
Waring Gh, |
| Title |
Behavioral adaptation as a factor in management of feral equids |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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Pages |
85-92 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1697 |
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| Author |
Wolfe Ml, |
| Title |
Feral horse demography: A preliminary report (Abstract) |
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Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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173-174 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1715 |
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| Author |
Wolfe Ml, |
| Title |
Population ecology of the kulan |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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Pages |
205-218 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1716 |
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| Author |
Woodward Sl, |
| Title |
Population dynamics of a herd of feral burros (Abstract) |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
219-220 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1719 |
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| Author |
Zervanos Sm, K.R. |
| Title |
Seasonal home ranges and activity patterns of feral assateague island ponies |
Type |
Conference Volume |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie |
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Pages |
3-14 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1753 |
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| Author |
Cameron, E.Z.; Linklater, W.L.; Stafford, K.J.; Minot, E.O. |
| Title |
Aging and improving reproductive success in horses: declining residual reproductive value or just older and wiser? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
243-249 |
| Keywords |
Maternal investment – Equidae – Equus caballus |
| Abstract |
In many mammalian species, female success in raising offspring improves as they age. The residual reproductive value hypothesis predicts that each individual offspring will be more valuable to the mother as she ages because there is less conflict between the current and potential future offspring. Therefore, as mothers age, their investment into individual offspring should increase. Empirical evidence for an influence of declining residual reproductive value on maternal investment is unconvincing. Older mothers may not invest more, but may be more successful due to greater experience, allowing them to target their investment more appropriately (targeted reproductive effort hypothesis). Most studies do not preclude either hypothesis. Mare age significantly influenced maternal investment in feral horses living on the North Island of New Zealand. Older mares, that were more successful at raising foals, were more protective for the first 20 days of life, but less diligent thereafter. Total maternal input by older mothers did not seem to be any greater, but was better targeted at the most critical period for foal survival and a similar pattern was observed in mares that had lost a foal in the previous year. In addition, older mothers were more likely to foal in consecutive years, supporting the hypothesis that they are investing less than younger mares in individual offspring. Therefore, older mothers seem to become more successful by targeting their investment better due to experience, not by investing more in their offspring. |
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no |
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2019 |
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