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| Author | McCall, C.A.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Ingram, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Learning abilities in yearling horses using the Hebb-Williams closed field maze | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | J. Anim. Sci. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim. Sci. |
| Volume | 53 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 928-933 |
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 24 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4613 | ||
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| Author | Patris, B.; Perrier, G.; Schaal, B.; Coureaud, G. | ||||
| Title | Early development of filial preferences in the rabbit: implications of nursing- and pheromone-induced odour learning? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 305-314 |
| Keywords | learning; mammary pheromone; mother-young relationship; Oryctolagus cuniculus; rabbit; recognition | ||||
| Abstract | Newborn rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, discriminate between different categories of adult conspecifics on the basis of their abdominal odour cues. Whether these cues can support the development of filial preferences has not been adequately tested. Using a two-choice paradigm, we assessed the ability of 3-8-day-old pups to orient selectively to the mother versus an unfamiliar female, either spontaneously or after odour conditioning. In experiment 1, nonconditioned pups roamed indifferently over the mother and an unfamiliar female. In experiment 2, pups conditioned to a neutral odorant while nursing or with the mammary pheromone became attracted by the odorant. In experiment 3, pups that had learned the odorant while nursing oriented for longer to any female carrying it, but the unscented mother and a scented unfamiliar female were equally attractive. Finally, in experiment 4, pups that had learned the odorant paired with the mammary pheromone showed a preference for their scented mother, but not systematically for a scented unfamiliar female; furthermore, they were equally attracted by the unscented mother and a scented unfamiliar female. In sum, pups did not spontaneously evince an olfactory preference for the mother when opposed to an unfamiliar female, although they seemed able to detect individual maternal odours. In fact, they appeared to react to both species-specific cues and individual cues that they had learned, and their responses depended on their degree of familiarity with the cues and on the context. The mammary pheromone by itself might act as both a releasing and a reinforcing signal in these early socially oriented behaviours. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4646 | ||
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| Author | Beauchamp, G. | ||||
| Title | Individual Differences In Activity And Exploration Influence Leadership In Pairs Of Foraging Zebra Finches | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 137 | Issue | Pages | 301-314 | |
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| Abstract | This study investigated the role of dominance and level of activity and exploration on leadership in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) searching for food. In pairs of zebra finches fairly matched in size and that experienced the same level of food deprivation, the same bird consistently reached first one foraging patch over several trials. The same pattern of arrival to food occurred when resources were provided in two distant patches available concurrently, a situation that would potentially allow subordinates a greater access to resources. In further testing, the formation of new pairs with the same birds led to several changes in leadership, indicating that leadership is not an absolute feature. The member of a pair that proved to be the most active and exploratory during independent, solitary trials became the leader in nearly all pairs tested. The same pattern held true in newly rearranged pairs where individuals often experienced changes in dominance status. Dominance failed to be associated with leadership in all tests. The results suggest that in a relatively egalitarian species, level of activity and exploration may be a stronger predictor of leadership than dominance. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4698 | ||
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| Author | Roth II,T.C.; Cox, J.G.; Lima, S.L. | ||||
| Title | The Use and Transfer of Information About Predation Risk in Flocks of Wintering Finches | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 1218 - 1226 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT Several studies in behavior have focused in some way on how groups of prey gather and use information about predation risk. Although asymmetries in information about risk exist among members of real groups, we know little about how such uneven information might affect individual or group antipredator decisions. Hence, we studied the use and transfer of information about the risk of predation in small flocks of wintering birds. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus; 28 groups of three) were held in large enclosures divided into safe and risky patches. We controlled the information about risk available to each individual by conducting attacks with a model hawk that was visible to only a single (informed) bird. Repeated attacks on a single individual did not reduce the amount of feeding by other birds in that patch, although the time to resume feeding after observing a response to an attack event was somewhat longer than after a no attack event. These results suggest that informed individuals impart some information to naive (uninformed) birds, but this effect was not strong. In fact, the frequent return of informed individuals to feeders after observing uninformed individuals feed suggests that finches relied more on public information regarding safety than their own personal information in deciding when to feed. Group patch choice appeared to be based on a majority-rules decision, although an effect of dominance status was apparent. Our results suggest that subordinate flock members may exert a large influence over group decision-making by acting as spatial 'anchors'. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4704 | ||
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| Author | Range, F.; Horn, L.; Bugnyar, T.; Gajdon, G.; Huber, L. | ||||
| Title | Social attention in keas, dogs, and human children | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 181-192 |
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| Abstract | Abstract: Understanding animals" abilities to cooperate with and learn from each other has been an active field of research in recent years. One important basis for all types of social interactions is the disposition of animals to pay attention to each other-a factor often neglected in discussions and experiments. Since attention differs between species as well as between individuals, it is likely to influence the amount and type of information different species and/or observers may extract from conspecifics in any given situation. Here, we carried out a standardized comparative study on attention towards a model demonstrating food-related behavior in keas, dogs and children. In a series of experimental sessions, individuals watched different conspecific models while searching, manipulating and feeding. Visual access to the demonstration was provided by two observation holes, which allowed us to determine exactly how often and for how long observers watched the model. We found profound differences in the factors that influence attention within as well as between the tested species. This study suggests that attention should be incorporated as an important variable when testing species in social situations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4713 | ||
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| Author | Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. (eds) | ||||
| Title | Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | The beginnings of the idea about a book on “side bias” began in the year 1994 during the senior editor“s research association with late Professor M.P. Bryden and colleagues at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Over many discussions with Professor Bryden, it was clear that the concept of ”side bias" encompasses all aspects of motor behaviour within the context of human (and non-human animal) laterality. The tendency to favour one side or limb over the other is important not only from the perspective of understanding the functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, but also to an understanding of a myriad of aspects of human behaviour, as the contributions to this volume will attest. By side bias, most people would think of bias in terms of hand preference or performance. The phenomenon of side bias, however, is more general and influences motor behaviour of all kinds, ranging from simple hand movement to complex behaviours like facial expression and attention. Therefore, the concept has been operationalized in terms of bias reflected in the motor expression of paired (such as hands, feet, eyes, or ears) or nonpaired organs (such as the face) as a function of preference, performance or attentional/intentional factors. .... More see: http://www.springerlink.com/content/gr1726/front-matter.pdf |
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Netherlands | Editor | Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7923-6660-7 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4733 | ||
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| Author | Gorodnichenko, Y.; Roland, G. | ||||
| Title | Individualism, innovation, and long-run growth | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 108 | Issue | Supplement 4 | Pages | 21316-21319 |
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| Notes | 10.1073/pnas.1101933108 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5941 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Colenbrander, B.; Þorhallsdóttir, A.G. and Sigurjónsdóttir, H. | ||||
| Title | Interventions in social behaviour in a herd of mares and geldings | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 116 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 67-73 |
| Keywords | Horses; Social relationships; Interventions; Mares; Geldings; Play; Allogrooming; Social network | ||||
| Abstract | Social dynamics and maintenance of social cohesion were studied by analysing social interventions in two groups of horses consisting of adult mares, their offspring, adult geldings and sub-adults. The animals were observed for a total of 1316 h. All relevant dyadic and triadic social interactions, including initial behaviour, possible intervention and outcome, were recorded. The main question was: do horses use interventions in affiliative interactions to safeguard their social network? Horses were significantly more likely to intervene in allogrooming or play interactions that involved a preferred partner. The stronger the preferred association in allogrooming, the higher the likelihood the intervener took over allogrooming with an initial dyad member. Interveners originating from two newly introduced groups (n = 3 and 5), intervened significantly more often when a member of their own group allogroomed with an unfamiliar horse. In play, no correlation with unfamiliarity was found. Overall, the intervening horses stopped more than half of the initial allogrooming interactions, and a third of all interactions. Therefore, social facilitation cannot sufficiently explain interference behaviour. This study shows that maintaining relationships with preferred partners is important to horses and has implications for equine husbandry and management. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4766 | ||
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| Author | Napolitano, F.; De Rosa, G.; Braghieri, A.; Grasso, F.; Bordi, A.; Wemelsfelder, F. | ||||
| Title | The qualitative assessment of responsiveness to environmental challenge in horses and ponies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 342-354 |
| Keywords | Horse; Pony; Behavioural expression; Qualitative measurements; Free choice profiling; Generalised Procrustes analysis | ||||
| Abstract | The responsiveness of 10 horses and 10 ponies to environmental challenge (represented by an open field test) was assessed using a qualitative approach based on free choice profiling methodology (FCP), which gives observers complete freedom to choose their own descriptive terms. Data were analysed with generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA), a multivariate statistical technique associated with FCP. A cross-validation of the outcomes of this approach to data recorded through quantitative behaviour analysis, and through a questionnaire given to the animals' owner/riding instructor, was also performed using principal component analysis (PCA). Twelve undergraduate students generated their own descriptive vocabularies, by watching 20 horse/pony video clips lasting 2.5 min each. GPA showed that the consensus profile explained a high percentage of variation among the 12 observers, and differed significantly from the mean randomised profile (p < 0.001). Two main dimensions of the consensus profile were identified, explaining 60% and 5.2% of the variation between animals, respectively. The 12 observer word charts interpreting these dimensions were semantically consistent, as they all converged towards the same meaning, albeit using different terms. The most used term to describe the positive end of axis 1 was “quiet”, whereas “attentive” was the best positive descriptor of axis 2. The most frequently used descriptors for the negative ends of axes 1 and 2 were “nervous” and “bored”, respectively. Thus, axis 1 was labelled as “quiet/nervous” and axis 2 was named as “attentive/bored”. A marked effect of animal category was observed on the scores of the animals on the first dimension (p < 0.001). Horses received significantly higher scores, and were thus assessed as more quiet and calm, than ponies. Conversely, ponies tended to receive lower scores on the second dimension (p < 0.12), therefore they appeared less curious and attentive. The results of the PCA showed that the variables from different types of measurement clearly had meaningful relationships. For instance, the variables with the highest loading on the positive end of axis 1 were all indicative of tractable and docile animals, whereas axis 2 showed high loadings on the positive end for variables indicating attentive animals. Qualitative behaviour assessment proved to be an appropriate methodology for the study of horse behavioural responsiveness, in that it provided a multifaceted characterisation of horse behavioural expression that was in agreement with other quantitative and subjective assessments of the animals' behaviour. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4769 | ||
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| Author | Lansade, L.; Pichard, G.; Leconte, M. | ||||
| Title | Sensory sensitivities: Components of a horse's temperament dimension | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 534-553 |
| Keywords | Horse; Equus caballus; Temperament; Sensory sensitivity; Behavioural tests | ||||
| Abstract | Temperament is an important factor when working with horses. Behavioural tests have already been developed to measure certain dimensions of a horse's temperament (fearfulness, gregariousness, etc.). In order to measure the temperament more precisely, our work aimed to identify a dimension which has already been described in several species but not yet in horses, namely sensory sensitivity. Our study was based on the definition of a temperament dimension as “a behavioural characteristic stable across situations and over time”. We designed several tests for each sense and then determined whether the responses observed were correlated between situations and in time. The principle of the tests was to generate two stimuli of different intensities for each sense (e.g. two different sounds) and to measure the intensity of the horse's response (N = 26). Using Spearman rank correlations, we tested whether the responses to these different stimuli were inter-correlated. We repeated the same tests 5 months later to determine whether the responses were correlated over time. Within each sense, results show that the greater the horses' response to one stimulus, the greater their response to the other. For example, the reaction to the odour of cinnamon (time spent near the source of the odour) was significantly correlated to the reaction to lavender (R = 0.53, p = 0.004). The reactions to two different sounds or to two different tactile stimuli (von Frey filaments, or contact of a brush on the body), were also significantly correlated (R = 0.59, p < 0.0001; R = 0.38, p = 0.029). Finally, the reactions to two different tastes or to two visual stimuli tended to be correlated (R = 0.27, p = 0.09; R = 0.27, p = 0.09). However, there was no significant correlation between the responses to stimuli relating to different senses. Finally, except for the responses to odour, the responses to other sensory stimuli showed stability over a 5-month period (e.g. tactile stimulation: R = 0.71, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our study revealed characteristics which were stable across situations and over time. The absence of links between the characteristics measured for the different senses suggests that a dimension for each sense exists (e.g. tactile sensitivity) rather than a general sensory sensitivity dimension covering all the senses. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4779 | ||
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