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Author | Karenina, K.; Giljov, A.; Ingram, J.; Rowntree, V.J.; Malashichev, Y. | ||||
Title | Lateralization of mother�infant interactions in a diverse range of mammal species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Ecol Evol |
Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 0030 Ep - | |
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Abstract | Left-cradling bias is a distinctive feature of maternal behaviour in humans and great apes, but its evolutionary origin remains unknown. In 11 species of marine and terrestrial mammal, we demonstrate consistent patterns of lateralization in mother�infant interactions, indicating right hemisphere dominance for social processing. In providing clear evidence that lateralized positioning is beneficial in mother�infant interactions, our results illustrate a significant impact of lateralization on individual fitness. | ||||
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Publisher | Nature Publishing Group SN - | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6040 | ||
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Author | Schwenk, B.K.; Fürst, A.E.; Bischhofberger, A.S. | ||||
Title | Traffic accident-related injuries in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Pferdeheilkunde – Equine Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Med. |
Volume | 32 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 192-199 |
Keywords | traffic / horse / injury / body site / accident / trauma | ||||
Abstract | Horses involved in road traffic accidents (RTAs) are commonly presented to veterinarians with varying types of injuries. The aim of this study was describe the pattern and severity of traffic accident-related injuries in horses in a single hospital population. Medical records of horses either hit by a motorized vehicle or involved in RTAs whilst being transported from 1993 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed and the following data was extracted: Signalement, hospitalisation time, month in which the accident happened, cause of the accident, place of the accident and type of vehicle hitting the horse. Further the different body sites injured (head, neck, breast, fore limb, abdomen, back and spine, pelvis and ileosacral region, hind limb, tail and genital region), the type of injury (wounds, musculoskeletal lesions and internal lesions) and the presence of neurological signs were retrieved from the medical records. 34 horses hit by motorized vehicles and 13 horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported were included in the study. Most of the accidents where horses were hit by motorized vehicles occurred during December (14.7%) and October (14.7%), horses were most commonly hit by cars (85.3%) and the majority of accidents occurred on main roads (26.5%). In 29.4% of the cases, horses had escaped from their paddock and then collided with a motorized vehicle. Most of the accidents with horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported occurred during April (30.8%) and June (23.1%). In 76.9% of the cases the accident happened on a freeway. In the horses hit by motorized vehicles the proximal hind limbs were the body site most commonly affected (44.1%), followed by the proximal front limbs (38.2%) and the head (32.4%). When horses were involved in RTAs whilst being transported the proximal fore limbs (61.5%), the proximal hind limbs (53.8%) and the distal hind limbs, back and head (38.5% each) were the most common injured body sites. Wounds were the most common type of injury in both groups (85.3% hit by motorized vehicle, 76.9% transported ones). In horses hit by a motorized vehicle 35.3% suffered from fractures, in 20.6% a synovial structure was involved and in 5.9% a tendon lesion was present. 14.7% suffered from internal lesions and 14.7% showed neurologic symptoms (40% peripheral, 60% central neurologic deficits). On the other hand, in horses involved in a RTA whilst being transported 30.8% suffered from fractures. There were no synovial structures injured and no tendon injuries were present. Furthermore there were no internal lesions present and only one horse involved in a RTA showed central neurologic symptoms. Injuries of horses being hit by a motorized vehicle were more severe than when horses were protected by a trailer and involved in a RTA whilst being transported. The study has been able to identify the different injury types of traffic accident-related injuries in horses. Awareness of the nature of these injuries is important, to avoid underestimation of their severity. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6207 | ||
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Author | Benson-Amram, S.; Holekamp, K.E. | ||||
Title | Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Proc R Soc B | Abbreviated Journal | Proc R Soc B |
Volume | 279 | Issue | Pages | 4087-4095 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Benson-Amram2012 | Serial | 6266 | ||
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Author | Sabou, M.; Bontcheva, K.; Scharl, A. | ||||
Title | Crowdsourcing Research Opportunities: Lessons from Natural Language Processing | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-18 | ||
Keywords | crowdsourcing, games with a purpose, natural language processing, resource acquisition | ||||
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Publisher | Acm | Place of Publication | New York, NY, USA | Editor | |
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Series Editor | Series Title | i-KNOW '12 | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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ISSN | 978-1-4503-1242-4 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sabou:2012:CRO:2362456.2362479 | Serial | 6436 | ||
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Author | Pimenta, V.; Barroso, I.; Boitani, L.; Beja, P. | ||||
Title | Risks a la carte: Modelling the occurrence and intensity of wolf predation on multiple livestock species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | Biol. Conserva. |
Volume | 228 | Issue | Pages | 331-342 | |
Keywords | Human-wildlife conflict; Large carnivores; Livestock husbandry systems; Predation risk; Predation intensity | ||||
Abstract | Predation on livestock is a source of human-wildlife conflicts and can undermine the conservation of large carnivores. To design effective mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the determinants of predation across livestock species, which often differ in husbandry practices, vulnerability to predators and economic value. Moreover, attention should be given to both predation occurrence and intensity, because these can have different spatial patterns and predictors. We used spatial risk modelling to quantify factors affecting wolf predation on five livestock species in Portugal. Within the 1619 parishes encompassing the entire wolf range in the country, the national wolf compensation scheme recorded 17,670 predation events in 2009-2015, each involving one or more livestock species: sheep (31.7%), cattle (27.7%), goats (26.8%), horses (14.8%) and donkeys (3.2%). Models built with 2009-2013 data and validated with 2014-2015 data, showed a shared general pattern of predation probability on each species increasing with its own density and proximity to wolf packs. For some species there were positive relations with the density of other livestock species, and with habitat variables such as altitude, and land cover by shrubland and natural pastures. There was also a general pattern for predation intensity on each species increasing with its own density, while proximity to wolf packs had no significant effects. Predation intensity on goats, cattle and horses increased with the use of communal versus private pastures. Our results suggest that although predation may occur wherever wolves coexist with livestock species, high predation intensity is mainly restricted to particular areas where husbandry practices increase the vulnerability of animals, and this is where mitigation efforts should concentrate. | ||||
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ISSN | 0006-3207 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6438 | ||
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Author | Esch, L.; Wöhr, C.; Erhard, M.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | Horses� (Equus Caballus) Laterality, Stress Hormones, and Task Related Behavior in Innovative Problem-Solving | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 265 |
Keywords | innovative behavior; brain lateralization; glucocorticoid metabolites; behavioral traits; equine cognition | ||||
Abstract | Domesticated horses are constantly confronted with novel tasks. A recent study on anecdotal data indicates that some are innovative in dealing with such tasks. However, innovative behavior in horses has not previously been investigated under experimental conditions. In this study, we investigated whether 16 horses found an innovative solution when confronted with a novel feeder. Moreover, we investigated whether innovative behavior in horses may be affected by individual aspects such as: age, sex, size, motor and sensory laterality, fecal stress hormone concentrations (GCMs), and task-related behavior. Our study revealed evidence for 25% of the horses being capable of innovative problem solving for operating a novel feeder. Innovative horses of the present study were active, tenacious, and may be considered to have a higher inhibitory control, which was revealed by their task related behavior. Furthermore, they appeared to be emotional, reflected by high baseline GCM concentrations and a left sensory and motor laterality. These findings may contribute to the understanding of horses� cognitive capacities to deal with their environment and calls for enriched environments in sports and leisure horse management. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Esch2019 | Serial | 6570 | ||
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Author | Taberlet, P.; Waits, L.P.; Luikart, G. | ||||
Title | Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends Ecol. Evol |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 323-327 |
Keywords | Hairs; Feces; Feathers; Allelic dropout; Individual identification; Conservation genetics; Behavioural ecology; Pilot study; Microsatellites; Probability of identity | ||||
Abstract | Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be answered using conventional methods. Initially, this sampling strategy promised to exploit fully the existing DNA-based technology for studies in ethology, conservation biology and population genetics. However, recent work now indicates the need for a more cautious approach, which includes quantifying the genotyping error rate. Despite this, many of the difficulties of noninvasive sampling will probably be overcome with improved methodology. | ||||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6573 | ||
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Author | Murphy, M.A.; Waits, L.P.; Kendall, K.C.; Wasser, S.K.; Higbee, J.A.; Bogden, R. | ||||
Title | An evaluation of long-term preservation methods for brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA samples | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Conservation Genetics | Abbreviated Journal | Conservat. Genet. |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 435-440 |
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Abstract | Relatively few large-scale faecal DNA studieshave been initiated due to difficulties inamplifying low quality and quantity DNAtemplate. To improve brown bear faecal DNA PCRamplification success rates and to determinepost collection sample longevity, fivepreservation methods were evaluated: 90%ethanol, DETs buffer, silica-dried, oven-driedstored at room temperature, and oven-driedstored at -20 °C. Preservationeffectiveness was evaluated for 50 faecalsamples by PCR amplification of a mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA) locus (~146 bp) and a nuclear DNA(nDNA) locus (~200 bp) at time points of oneweek, one month, three months and six months. Preservation method and storage timesignificantly impacted mtDNA and nDNAamplification success rates. For mtDNA, allpreservation methods had >= 75% success atone week, but storage time had a significantimpact on the effectiveness of the silicapreservation method. Ethanol preserved sampleshad the highest success rates for both mtDNA(86.5%) and nDNA (84%). Nuclear DNAamplification success rates ranged from 26-88%, and storage time had a significant impacton all methods but ethanol. Preservationmethod and storage time should be importantconsiderations for researchers planningprojects utilizing faecal DNA. We recommendpreservation of faecal samples in 90% ethanolwhen feasible, although when collecting inremote field conditions or for both DNA andhormone assays a dry collection method may beadvantageous. | ||||
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ISSN | 1572-9737 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Murphy2002 | Serial | 6574 | ||
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Author | Gehring, T.M.; VerCauteren, K.C.; Provost, M.L.; Cellar, A.C. | ||||
Title | Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Wildl. Res. | Abbreviated Journal | Wildl. Res. |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 715-721 |
Keywords | bovine tuberculosis, coyote, grey wolf, livestock protection dog, mesopredators, white-tailed deer, wildlife damage management. | ||||
Abstract | Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis).Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures.Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation.Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs.Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle.Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6575 | ||
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Author | Iliopoulos, Y.; Sgardelis, S.; Koutis, V.; Savaris, D. | ||||
Title | Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Mammal Research | Abbreviated Journal | Mamm. Reas. |
Volume | 54 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-22 |
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Abstract | We studied wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 -- livestock conflict in central Greece by investigating patterns of 267 verified wolf attacks on livestock for 21 months. Wolves attacked adult goats 43% and cattle 218% more than expected, whereas sheep 41% less than expected from their availability. Wolves killed less than four sheep or goats in 79%, and one cow or calf in 74% of depredation events, respectively. We recorded higher attack rates during wolf post-weaning season. Wolf attacks on strayed, or kept inside non predator-proof enclosures, sheep and goats, were on average two to four times respectively more destructive than those when livestock was guarded by a shepherd. Sheepdog use reduced losses per attack. Optimal sheepdog number ranged from 3 to 9 animals depending on flock size. Losses per attack were positively related to the number of wolves involved. Total losses per farm were positively correlated with the size of livestock unit but percentage losses per capita increased with decreasing flock size. Management implications to mitigate livestock depredation are discussed. | ||||
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ISSN | 2199-241x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2009 | Serial | 6576 | ||
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