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Author | Cheung, C.; Akiyama, T.E.; Ward, J.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Feigenbaum, L.; Vinson, C.; Gonzalez, F.J. | ||||
Title | Diminished hepatocellular proliferation in mice humanized for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Cancer research | Abbreviated Journal | Cancer Res |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3849-3854 |
Keywords | Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology; Carcinogens/pharmacology; Cell Division; DNA Replication/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Hepatocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology; Pyrimidines/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology; Species Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology | ||||
Abstract | Lipid-lowering fibrate drugs function as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Sustained activation of PPARalpha leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. However, humans appear to be resistant to the induction of peroxisome proliferation and the development of liver cancer by fibrate drugs. The molecular basis of this species difference is not known. To examine the mechanism determining species differences in peroxisome proliferator response between mice and humans, a PPARalpha-humanized mouse line was generated in which the human PPARalpha was expressed in liver under control of the tetracycline responsive regulatory system. The PPARalpha-humanized and wild-type mice responded to treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wy-14643 as revealed by induction of genes encoding peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolizing enzymes and resultant decrease of serum triglycerides. However, surprisingly, only the wild-type mice and not the PPARalpha-humanized mice exhibited hepatocellular proliferation as revealed by elevation of cell cycle control genes, increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into hepatocyte nuclei, and hepatomegaly. These studies establish that following ligand activation, the PPARalpha-mediated pathways controlling lipid metabolism are independent from those controlling the cell proliferation pathways. These findings also suggest that structural differences between human and mouse PPARalpha are responsible for the differential susceptibility to the development of hepatocarcinomas observed after treatment with fibrates. The PPARalpha-humanized mice should serve as models for use in drug development and human risk assessment and to determine the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis of peroxisome proliferators. | ||||
Address | Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0008-5472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15172993 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 74 | ||
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Author | Alexander, F.; Collett, R.A. | ||||
Title | Proceedings: Some observations on the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | British journal of pharmacology | Abbreviated Journal | Br J Pharmacol |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 142p |
Keywords | Animals; Half-Life; Horses/*metabolism; Kinetics; Trimethoprim/*metabolism | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0007-1188 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:4451793 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 112 | ||
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Author | Alexander, F.; Collett, R.A. | ||||
Title | Pethidine in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | Research in veterinary science | Abbreviated Journal | Res Vet Sci |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 136-137 |
Keywords | Animals; Half-Life; Horses/*metabolism; Injections, Intravenous/veterinary; Male; Meperidine/administration & dosage/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0034-5288 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:4421117 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 113 | ||
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Author | Peltzer, K.; Mabilu, M.G.; Mathoho, S.F.; Nekhwevha, A.P.; Sikhwivhilu, T.; Sinthumule, T.S. | ||||
Title | Trauma history and severity of gambling involvement among horse-race gamblers in a South African gambling setting | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Psychological Reports | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol Rep |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 472-476 |
Keywords | Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology/statistics & numerical data; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gambling/*psychology; Humans; *Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Risk Factors; *Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Statistics; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/*psychology | ||||
Abstract | The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency of gambling involvement and the prevalence of problem gambling among horse race gamblers and to discover whether problem gambling in this sample is associated with a history of trauma. Among a sample of 266 South African horse-race gamblers (94% men and 6% women, Mage 46.8 yr., SD = 13.9, range 18-85 years), 31.2% were classified as probable pathological gamblers and 19.9% with problem gambling. Major weekly gambling activities included racetrack betting (82%), purchase of lottery tickets or scratch tickets (35%), purchase of sports lottery tickets (23%), and using casino type games (18%). Trauma history was significantly associated with gambling severity. | ||||
Address | Human Sciences Research Council, University of Limpopo, Pretoria, South Africa. KPeltzer@hsrc.ac.za | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0033-2941 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:17153816 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1850 | |||
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Author | Lin, Y.-L.; Moolenaar, H.; van Weeren, P.R.; van de Lest, C.H.A. | ||||
Title | Effect of microcurrent electrical tissue stimulation on equine tenocytes in culture | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
Volume | 67 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 271-276 |
Keywords | Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Electric Stimulation; *Horses; Tendons/*cytology | ||||
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of microcurrent electrical tissue stimulation (METS) on equine tenocytes cultured from the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). SAMPLE POPULATION: SDFTs were collected from 20 horses at slaughter. PROCEDURE: Tenocytes were isolated following outgrowth from explants and grown in 48-well plates. Four methods of delivering current to the tenocytes with a METS device were tested. Once the optimal method was selected, current consisting of 0 (negative control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mA was applied to cells (8 wells/current intensity) once daily for 8 minutes. Cells were treated for 1, 2, or 3 days. Cell proliferation, DNA content, protein content, and apoptosis rate were determined. RESULTS: Application of microcurrent of moderate intensity increased cell proliferation and DNA content, with greater increases with multiple versus single application. Application of microcurrent of moderate intensity once or twice increased protein content, but application 3 times decreased protein content. Application of current a single time did not significantly alter apoptosis rate; however, application twice or 3 times resulted in significant increases in apoptosis rate, and there were significant linear (second order) correlations between current intensity and apoptosis rate when current was applied twice or 3 times. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present study indicate that microcurrent affects the behavior of equine tenocytes in culture, but that effects may be negative or positive depending on current intensity and number of applications. Therefore, results are far from conclusive with respect to the suitability of using METS to promote tendon healing in horses. | ||||
Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:16454632 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1878 | |||
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Author | Matzke, S.M.; Oubre, J.L.; Caranto, G.R.; Gentry, M.K.; Galbicka, G. | ||||
Title | Behavioral and immunological effects of exogenous butyrylcholinesterase in rhesus monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
Volume | 62 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 523-530 |
Keywords | Animals; Antibody Formation/drug effects; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Butyrylcholinesterase/*immunology/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; Color Perception/drug effects; Conditioning, Operant/drug effects; Discrimination Learning/drug effects; Half-Life; Horses; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male | ||||
Abstract | Although conventional therapies prevent organophosphate (OP) lethality, laboratory animals exposed to such treatments typically display behavioral incapacitation. Pretreatment with purified exogenous human or equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (Eq-BuChE), conversely, has effectively prevented OP lethality in rats and rhesus monkeys, without producing the adverse side effects associated with conventional treatments. In monkeys, however, using a commercial preparation of Eq-BuChE has been reported to incapacitate responding. In the present study, repeated administration of commercially prepared Eq-BuChE had no systematic effect on behavior in rhesus monkeys as measured by a six-item serial probe recognition task, despite 7- to 18-fold increases in baseline BuChE levels in blood. Antibody production induced by the enzyme was slight after the first injection and more pronounced following the second injection. The lack of behavioral effects, the relatively long in vivo half-life, and the previously demonstrated efficacy of BuChE as a biological scavenger for highly toxic OPs make BuChE potentially more effective than current treatment regimens for OP toxicity. | ||||
Address | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0091-3057 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:10080246 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4064 | ||
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Author | Bermudez, J.L. | ||||
Title | The moral significance of birth | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Ethics | Abbreviated Journal | Ethics |
Volume | 106 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 378-403 |
Keywords | Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0014-1704 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4177 | ||
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Author | Lee, R.D. | ||||
Title | Rethinking the evolutionary theory of aging: transfers, not births, shape senescence in social species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Volume | 100 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 9637-9642 |
Keywords | Adaptation, Physiological; *Aging; Animals; *Biological Evolution; Demography; Economics; Environment; Fertility; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Models, Theoretical; Parturition; Population Dynamics; Population Growth; Reproduction | ||||
Abstract | The classic evolutionary theory of aging explains why mortality rises with age: as individuals grow older, less lifetime fertility remains, so continued survival contributes less to reproductive fitness. However, successful reproduction often involves intergenerational transfers as well as fertility. In the formal theory offered here, age-specific selective pressure on mortality depends on a weighted average of remaining fertility (the classic effect) and remaining intergenerational transfers to be made to others. For species at the optimal quantity-investment tradeoff for offspring, only the transfer effect shapes mortality, explaining postreproductive survival and why juvenile mortality declines with age. It also explains the evolution of lower fertility, longer life, and increased investments in offspring. | ||||
Address | Department of Demography, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720-2120, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:12878733 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5465 | ||
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Author | Berger, J. | ||||
Title | Wild Horses of the Great Basin: Social Competition and Population Size | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Wildlife Behavior Ecology | ||||
Abstract | Editorial Reviews From Library Journal Berger begins this scholarly and absorbing treatise by discussing the natural history of the horse in general. Then, on the basis of several years of field work, he describes and details the behavior and ecology of the wild horses in the Great Basin Desert of Nevada. The purpose of the book is not, however, merely to describe natural history, but also to test quantitatively several basic ecological hypotheses. Berger has done both well, and his book will be a major source of information on North American wild horses for years to come. The book will interest specialists and graduate students primarily. It may also appeal to anyone with a strong interest in wild horses, and the remote and starkly beautiful Great Basin. Nicholas J. Volkman, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, Cal. Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc. |
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Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | |
Language | Englisch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226043678 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2173 | ||
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Author | Minero, M.; Zucca, D.; Canali, E. | ||||
Title | A note on reaction to novel stimulus and restraint by therapeutic riding horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 97 | Issue | 2-4 | Pages | 335-342 |
Keywords | Horse; Therapeutic riding; Behavioural indicators; Heart rate; Lymphocyte proliferation | ||||
Abstract | Little research has been done to measure reactivity objectively in therapeutic riding horses (TRH). As individual reactivity and chronic stress could be assessed by exposing animals to acute, novel stressors, the authors of this work aimed at comparing reactions of TRHs and jumping horses (JH) to two challenges. Four TRHs and four JHs were exposed to a restraint covering their head with a hood for 1 h and to a startling stimulus (a 40 cm long, red and white synthetic holiday garland shaken with a rustling noise inside the box). Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded continuously and telemetrically, the reaction was video-recorded and analysed with a software for behavioural analysis. Blood samples were collected before and after each challenge to determine lymphocyte proliferation and other biochemical parameters. Horses spent most of the time immobile, during the challenges (p < 0.05). TRHs had a significantly higher average basal HR than JH (p < 0.05), probably due to their better condition. HR varied among different behaviours during the restraint (p < 0.05): the average HR during “pawing” was higher than during other behaviours (p < 0.005). A significant decrease in the proliferation of lymphocytes in samples taken after the removal of the hood (p < 0.05) was found, while the other stress related parameters did not vary significantly after the challenges. The authors conclude that TRHs did not react less than JHs to the new stimuli and this should be taken into consideration while planning their daily work and management. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 279 | ||
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