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Author Gärdenfors P. doi  openurl
  Title Cued and detached representations in animal cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 263-273  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3454  
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Author Beer C.G. doi  openurl
  Title Trial and error in the evolution of cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 215-224  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3455  
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Author Sutton J.E.; Roberts W.A. doi  openurl
  Title Do pigeons show incidental timing? Some experiments and a suggested hierarchical framework for the study of attention in animal cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 44 Issue Pages 263-275  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3463  
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Author Mercado E.; Killebrew D.A.; Pack A.A.; Macha I.V.B.; Herman L.M. doi  openurl
  Title Generalization of 'same-different' classification abilities in bottlenosed dolphins Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 50 Issue Pages 79-94  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3479  
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Author Poling, A.; Thomas, J.; Hall-Johnson, E.; Picker, M. url  doi
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  Title Self-control revisited: Some factors that affect autoshaped responding Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 10 Issue 1-2 Pages 77-85  
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  Abstract Pigeons were exposed to autoshaping procedures under which 50% of red key illuminations were followed by 9-sec food deliveries, and 50% of blue key illuminations were followed by 3-sec food deliveries. When all key illuminations were 6 sec, pigeons preferred the red stimulus. Subsequent manipulations demonstrated that preference could be shifted to the blue stimulus by either increasing the duration of the red stimulus or imposing a delay interval between the offset of that stimulus and food delivery. A final experiment demonstrated that, in two of three subjects, preference for key illuminations associated with longer, but delayed, food deliveries generally increased as the duration of all key illuminations was lengthened. These results, obtained under conditions where keypecking had no programmed consequences, are similar to those previously observed under procedures involving a positive response-food dependency.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3606  
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Author Perusse, D.; Lefebvre, L. url  openurl
  Title Grouped sequential exploitation of food patches in a flock feeder, the feral pigeon Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 39-52  
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  Abstract Feral and laboratory flocks of rock doves ( ) show a pattern of grouped sequential exploitation when simultaneously presented with two dispersed, depleting patches of seed. This behavior contrasts with the ideal free distribution pattern shown when patches are small and concentrated. Grouped sequential exploitation consists of two phases: all pigeons first land together and feed at one patch, then leave one by one for the other patch. Departure times of individuals for the second patch are correlated with feeding rate at patch 1, which is in turn correlated with position in the dominance hierarchy. The decision to switch from patch 1 to patch 2 improves individual feeding rates in all cases, but is done slightly later than it should according to optimal foraging theory.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4227  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Temporal discrimination learning by pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 286-292  
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  Abstract Memory for time by animals appears to undergo a systematic shortening. This so-called choose-short effect can be seen in a conditional temporal discrimination when a delay is inserted between the sample and comparison stimuli. We have proposed that this temporal shortening may result from a procedural artifact in which the delay appears similar to the intertrial interval and thus, produces an inadvertent ambiguity or 'instructional failure'. When this ambiguity is avoided by distinguishing the intertrial interval from the delay, as well as the samples from the delay, the temporal shortening effect and other asymmetries often disappear. By avoiding artifacts that can lead to a misinterpretation of results, we may understand better how animals represent time. An alternative procedure for studying temporal discriminations is with the psychophysical bisection procedure in which following conditional discrimination training, intermediate durations are presented and the point of subjective equality is determined. Research using the bisection procedure has shown that pigeons represent temporal durations not only as their absolute value but also relative to durations from which they must be discriminated. Using this procedure, we have also found that time passes subjectively slower when animals are required to respond to the to-be-timed stimulus.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States. zentall@uky.edu  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 216  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Timing, memory for intervals, and memory for untimed stimuli: The role of instructional ambiguity Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 88-97  
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  Abstract Theories of animal timing have had to account for findings that the memory for the duration of a timed interval appears to be dramatically shorted within a short time of its termination. This finding has led to the subjective shortening hypothesis and it has been proposed to account for the poor memory that animals appear to have for the initial portion of a timed interval when a gap is inserted in the to-be-timed signal. It has also been proposed to account for the poor memory for a relatively long interval that has been discriminated from a shorter interval. I suggest here a simpler account in which ambiguity between the gap or retention interval and the intertrial interval results in resetting the clock, rather than forgetting the interval. The ambiguity hypothesis, together with a signal salience mechanism that determines how quickly the clock is reset at the start of the intertrial interval can account for the results of the reported timing experiments that have used the peak procedure. Furthermore, instructional ambiguity rather than memory loss may account for the results of many animal memory experiments that do not involve memory for time.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 202B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA. zentall@uky.edu  
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  Notes PMID:16406373 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 219  
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Author Desire L.; Boissy A.; Veissier I. doi  openurl
  Title Emotions in farm animals: – a new approach to animal welfare in applied ethology Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 60 Issue Pages 165-180  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3482  
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