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Author | Siniscalchi, M.; Padalino, B.; Aubé, L.; Quaranta, A. | ||||
Title | Right-nostril use during sniffing at arousing stimuli produces higher cardiac activity in jumper horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Laterality |
Volume | 20 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 483-500 |
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Abstract | Lateralization in horses, Equus caballus, has been reported at both motor and sensory levels. Here we investigated left- and right-nostril use in 12 jumper horses freely sniffing different emotive stimuli. Results revealed that during sniffing at adrenaline and oestrus mare urine stimuli, horses showed a clear right-nostril bias while just a tendency in the use of the right nostril was observed during sniffing of other odours (food, cotton swab and repellent). Sniffing at adrenaline and urine odours was also accompanied by increasing cardiac activity and behavioural reactivity strengthening the role of the right hemisphere in the analysis of intense emotion and sexual behaviour. | ||||
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Publisher | Routledge | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1357-650x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2015.1005629 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6208 | ||
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Author | Byrne, R.W. | ||||
Title | Do larger brains mean greater intelligence? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Behavioral and Brain Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Brain Sci. |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 696-697 |
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Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1469-1825 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6171 | ||
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Author | Krueger, K.; Marr, I.; Farmer, K. | ||||
Title | Equine Cognition | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
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Publisher | Springer International Publishing | Place of Publication | Cham | Editor | Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-319-47829-6 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2017 | Serial | 6181 | ||
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Author | Collins, G.H.; Petersen, S.L.; Carr, C.A.; Pielstick, L. | ||||
Title | Testing VHF/GPS Collar Design and Safety in the Study of Free-Roaming Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 9 | Pages | e103189 |
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Abstract | Effective and safe monitoring techniques are needed by U.S. land managers to understand free-roaming horse behavior and habitat use and to aid in making informed management decisions. Global positioning system (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio collars can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution information for detecting free-roaming horse movement. GPS and VHF collars are a common tool used in wildlife management, but have rarely been used for free-roaming horse research and monitoring in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design, safety, and detachment device on GPS/VHF collars used to collect free-roaming horse location and movement data. Between 2009 and 2010, 28 domestic and feral horses were marked with commercial and custom designed VHF/GPS collars. Individual horses were evaluated for damage caused by the collar placement, and following initial observations, collar design was modified to reduce the potential for injury. After collar modifications, which included the addition of collar length adjustments to both sides of the collar allowing for better alignment of collar and neck shapes, adding foam padding to the custom collars to replicate the commercial collar foam padding, and repositioning the detachment device to reduce wear along the jowl, we observed little to no evidence of collar wear on horses. Neither custom-built nor commercial collars caused injury to study horses, however, most of the custom-built collars failed to collect data. During the evaluation of collar detachment devices, we had an 89% success rate of collar devices detaching correctly. This study showed that free-roaming horses can be safely marked with GPS and/or VHF collars with minimal risk of injury, and that these collars can be a useful tool for monitoring horses without creating a risk to horse health and wellness. | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6209 | ||
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Author | Creswell, J.W. | ||||
Title | Research design | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | XXIX, 273 Seiten | ||
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Publisher | Sage | Place of Publication | Los Angeles | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches | ||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 978-1-4522-7461-4 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6184 | ||
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Author | Mench, J.A.; Morrow-Tesch, J.; Chu, L.-R. | ||||
Title | Environmental enrichment for farm animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Lab Animal | Abbreviated Journal | Lab Anim. |
Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 32-36 | |
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ISSN | ISBN | ISSN : 0093-7355 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6188 | ||
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Author | Valenchon, M.; Lévy, F.; Moussu, C.; Lansade, L. | ||||
Title | Stress affects instrumental learning based on positive or negative reinforcement in interaction with personality in domestic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 5 | Pages | e0170783 |
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Abstract | The present study investigated how stress affects instrumental learning performance in horses (Equus caballus) depending on the type of reinforcement. Horses were assigned to four groups (N = 15 per group); each group received training with negative or positive reinforcement in the presence or absence of stressors unrelated to the learning task. The instrumental learning task consisted of the horse entering one of two compartments at the appearance of a visual signal given by the experimenter. In the absence of stressors unrelated to the task, learning performance did not differ between negative and positive reinforcements. The presence of stressors unrelated to the task (exposure to novel and sudden stimuli) impaired learning performance. Interestingly, this learning deficit was smaller when the negative reinforcement was used. The negative reinforcement, considered as a stressor related to the task, could have counterbalanced the impact of the extrinsic stressor by focusing attention toward the learning task. In addition, learning performance appears to differ between certain dimensions of personality depending on the presence of stressors and the type of reinforcement. These results suggest that when negative reinforcement is used (i.e. stressor related to the task), the most fearful horses may be the best performers in the absence of stressors but the worst performers when stressors are present. On the contrary, when positive reinforcement is used, the most fearful horses appear to be consistently the worst performers, with and without exposure to stressors unrelated to the learning task. This study is the first to demonstrate in ungulates that stress affects learning performance differentially according to the type of reinforcement and in interaction with personality. It provides fundamental and applied perspectives in the understanding of the relationships between personality and training abilities. | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6202 | ||
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Author | Bailey, D | ||||
Title | Dominance Hierarchies in Horses: Comparing and Contrasting Different Methods for Assessing Hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | |
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Abstract | Understanding animal social structures is imperative when it comes to the care, housing and handling of large herd animals. Knowing how hierarchies are structured, along with environmental and physiological aspects that may affect them, will allow owners and breeders to house and care for their animals. The aim of my study was to better understand two methods used to assess dominance hierarchies in horses, Equus caballus, and to predict which method would be more useful for owners housing domestic horses. I designed an experiment where I compared a structured method, the paired feeding test, with behavioral observations from the horses’ natural setting. I hypothesized that the structured method would not conclude the same dominance hierarchy as the natural observations. I also hypothesized that traits of the horses, such as size or age, would correlate with the hierarchy ranking within a herd. A herd of six individual horses from a small ranch east of Platteville, Colorado was used to test the two methods. I found that the two methods measured different hierarchies. The paired feeding test showed no correlations to any of the physical measurements, as well as did not provide a hierarchy that was similar to the natural dominance observations of the horses. Natural observations established a more linear hierarchy and had significant correlations with weight and overall body size. The results indicate that the paired feeding test may not be a valid method for establishing dominance hierarchies within domestic horses housed in a small range. I recommend use of natural observations over paired feeding tests for ranchers, breeders or owners trying to understand the dominance hierarchies among their herds. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6204 | ||
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Author | Leiner, L. | ||||
Title | Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Angstextinktion bei Pferden | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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Abstract | Pferde sind Fluchttiere. Ihr Fluchtinstinkt bewirkt, dass sie sich leicht erschrecken und auch in diversen Situationen mit Flucht reagieren. Diese Tatsache ist den meisten Reitern bekannt, nur ist es für den Menschen teilweise schwer, mit dieser Eigenschaft auszukommen und sie zu verstehen oder gar nachzuvollziehen. So kommt es häufig zu Unfällen, die aus der Angst der Pferde resultieren, jedoch vermeidbar gewesen wären, hätte man ankündigende Signale früher erkannt. Des Weiteren kann die Angst eines Pferdes auch durch eine (Ver-) Weigerung, bestimmte Dinge zu tun, sichtbar werden. Diese Weigerung wird in der Reiterei gerne als „Bockigkeit“ und „Ungehorsam“ des Pferdes interpretiert und führt nicht selten zu einer Bestrafung. Insgesamt kann man sagen, dass angstauslösende Reize und die Reaktionen des Pferdes darauf oft falsch eingeschätzt oder falsch interpretiert werden und in der Folge auch falsch damit umgegangen wird. Ein Grund dafür ist sicher das fehlende Wissen über das Verhalten des Pferdes. Mit der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, das Pferd in seinem Angstverhalten besser zu verstehen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, das Verhalten des Pferdes bei verschiedenen Intensitäten von Angst zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren wurden Methoden untersucht, mit denen man die Angst von Pferden vor bestimmten Reizen und Situationen potentiell lindern kann, was letztendlich auch der Unfallvorbeugung dient. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit wurde am Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach durchgeführt; 24 Junghengste standen hierfür zur Verfügung. Darunter waren 18 Deutsche Warmblüter, 3 Vollblutaraber und 3 Schwarzwälder Füchse (Kaltblüter), somit war auch ein Rassenvergleich möglich. In einem ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde untersucht, wie sich Angst bei Pferden äußert. Hierfür wurde ausgenutzt, dass Pferde ganz generell vor unbekannten, neuen Gegenständen Angst haben (= Neophobie). Zur Angstauslösung dienten als Konfrontationsgegenstände ein Sonnenschirm und eine Plastikplane. Beide Gegenstände waren für die Testpferde unbekannt. Das Verhalten sowie die Herzrate der Tiere wurden während aller Versuche beobachtet und quantifiziert. Nacheiner ersten Konfrontation wurden die Pferde an die Objekte gewöhnt (Extinktionstraining = Angstlöschung) und beobachtet welche Verhaltensymptome sich während dieser Gewöhnung (= Verlust der Neophobie) verändern. Die Hypothese war, dass tatsächliche Angstsymptome während der Gewöhnung immer seltener zu beobachten sind. Zusammenfassung III Als Verhaltensweisen für Angst konnten Ausweichbewegungen und Flucht, Lautäußerungen (Prusten und Schnauben), das Anspannen der Halsmuskulatur sowie das Vordrücken der Oberlippe identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, dass Abstufungen im Angstverhalten möglich sind: Bei sehr hohem Angstlevel sind Fluchtreaktionen zu beobachten. Bei mittlerem Angstlevel treten Ausweichbewegungen im Schritt und Lautäußerungen (Prusten und Schnauben) auf, bei geringem Angstlevel wird die Halsmuskulatur angespannt und die Oberlippe vorgedrückt. Im Zweiten Teil der Arbeit sollten verschiedene Methoden zur Angst-Extinktionauf ihre Wirksamkeit hin untersucht werden. Verwendet wurde in verschiedenen Testgruppen die Methode der Desensibilisierung (d.h. leichte, schrittweise stärker werdende Exposition gegenüber dem angstauslösenden Reiz), die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung (positive Verstärkung) durch Streicheln bzw. Reiben des Halses und die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung durch Futterbelohnung. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten Pferde, die ohne eine Konfrontation mit dem angstauslösenden Reiz nur über den Versuchplatz geführt wurden. Während des Extinktionstrainings konnte beobachtet werden, dass die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung zu einer schnelleren Extinktion führt als ohne Gegenkonditionierung. Allerdings zeigte ein Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe, die das Extinktionstraining nicht erfahren hatte, den gleichen Verlust an Angstverhalten wie die Gruppen mit Extinktionstraining. Dieses Ergebnis wurde so interpretiert, dass die wiederholte Exposition gegenüber angstauslösenden Reizen bei den durchgeführten Verhaltenstests zwar eine Rolle spielt, doch dass auch allein die Beschäftigung mit den Tieren zu einem Verlust von Angstverhalten führt (wahrscheinlich auch aufgrund eines wachsenden Vertrauens zur Führperson, die über das komplette Experiment hin die Gleiche blieb). |
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Diploma thesis | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6205 | ||
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Author | Petersen, J.L.; Mickelson, J.R.; Cothran, E.G.; Andersson, L.S.; Axelsson, J.; Bailey, E.; Bannasch, D.; Binns, M.M.; Borges, A.S.; Brama, P.; da Câmara Machado, A.; Distl, O.; Felicetti, M.; Fox-Clipsham, L.; Graves, K.T.; Guérin, G.; Haase, B.; Hasegawa, T.; Hemmann, K.; Hill, E.W.; Leeb, T.; Lindgren, G.; Lohi, H.; Lopes, M.S.; McGivney, B.A.; Mikko, S.; Orr, N.; Penedo, M.C.T.; Piercy, R.J.; Raekallio, M.; Rieder, S.; Røed, K.H.; Silvestrelli, M.; Swinburne, J.; Tozaki, T.; Vaudin, M.; M. Wade, C.; McCue, M.E. | ||||
Title | Genetic Diversity in the Modern Horse Illustrated from Genome-Wide SNP Data | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | e54997 |
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Abstract | Horses were domesticated from the Eurasian steppes 5,000-6,000 years ago. Since then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desired traits and fitness, has resulted in diverse populations distributed across the world, many of which have become or are in the process of becoming formally organized into closed, breeding populations (breeds). This report describes the use of a genome-wide set of autosomal SNPs and 814 horses from 36 breeds to provide the first detailed description of equine breed diversity. FST calculations, parsimony, and distance analysis demonstrated relationships among the breeds that largely reflect geographic origins and known breed histories. Low levels of population divergence were observed between breeds that are relatively early on in the process of breed development, and between those with high levels of within-breed diversity, whether due to large population size, ongoing outcrossing, or large within-breed phenotypic diversity. Populations with low within-breed diversity included those which have experienced population bottlenecks, have been under intense selective pressure, or are closed populations with long breed histories. These results provide new insights into the relationships among and the diversity within breeds of horses. In addition these results will facilitate future genome-wide association studies and investigations into genomic targets of selection. | ||||
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Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6214 | ||
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