| Records |
| Author |
Bloom, P. |
| Title |
Behavior. Can a dog learn a word? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
304 |
Issue |
5677 |
Pages |
1605-1606 |
Keywords  |
Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; *Dogs; Humans; *Learning; *Memory; *Vocabulary |
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| Address |
Department of Psychology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu |
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| Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15192205 |
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no |
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Serial |
28 |
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| Author |
Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. |
| Title |
Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Int J Neurosci |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Neuroscience |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
123-134 |
| Keywords |
Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology |
| Abstract |
We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. |
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Informa Clin Med |
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0020-7454 |
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| Notes |
doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5777 |
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| Author |
Burden, F.; Thiemann, A. |
| Title |
Donkeys Are Different |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
376-382 |
| Keywords |
Donkey; Ass; Equid; Mule |
| Abstract |
As a unique species of equine, the donkey has certain specific variations from the horse. This review highlights the origins of the donkey and how this impacts on its behavior, physiology, and propensity to disease. The donkey is less of a flight animal and has been used by humans for pack and draught work, in areas where their ability to survive poorer diets, and transboundary disease while masking overt signs of pain and distress has made them indispensable to human livelihoods. When living as a companion animal, however, the donkey easily accumulates adipose tissue, and this may create a metabolically compromised individual prone to diseases of excess such as laminitis and hyperlipemia. They show anatomic variations from the horse especially in the hoof, upper airway, and their conformation. Variations in physiology lead to differences in the metabolism and distribution of many drugs. With over 44 million donkeys worldwide, it is important that veterinarians have the ability to understand and treat this equid effectively. |
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0737-0806 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6541 |
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| Author |
Steinhoff-Wagner, J. |
| Title |
Coat Clipping of Horses: A Survey |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-187 |
| Keywords |
Equine, thermoregulation, shaving, winter pelage removal |
| Abstract |
Coat clipping is a common practice in sport horses; however, timing, purpose, technique, and clips vary widely, as do the management and feeding of a clipped horse. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding common clipping practices. A questionnaire was published online in Germany and contained 32 questions. Four hundred ninety-eight people answered at least one question, and 373 individuals (7% male, 93% female; ages 14–59 years) completed all the questions. Clipped horses were predominantly used as sport horses (68%), and they were either clipped immediately before or during the winter season (88%) or year-round (7%). The clipping date was scheduled according to hair length (52%), sweat amount (47%), and drying time (47%). Participants primarily used two clips: the hunter clip and the blanket clip, both without clipping the head (23% each). The majority of the clipped horses wore a blanket day and night (> 90%). Future studies with observations in the field are needed to support survey data in an effort to develop welfare recommendations for clipping practices utilized with horses. |
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Routledge |
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1088-8705 |
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doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1454319 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6613 |
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| Author |
A. Wiggins; K. Crowston |
| Title |
From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
groupware; natural sciences computing; research and development; social sciences; crowdsourcing; citizen science typology; research collaboration; scientific research projects; virtual collaboration; Communities; Education; Monitoring; Collaboration; Organizations; Biological system modeling; Production |
| Abstract |
Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types-Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education- that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation. |
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2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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| ISSN |
1530-1605 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6430 |
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McGreevy, P.D.; Oddie, C.; Burton, F.L.; McLean, A.N. |
| Title |
The horse–human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue: Equitation Science |
| Volume |
181 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12-18 |
| Keywords |
Horse training; Social inter- and intra-specific communication; Learning; Counter–predator behaviour |
| Abstract |
This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human–horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse–horse interactions have a corresponding horse–human interaction – some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how correspondent behaviours sometimes become inappropriate because of their duration, consistency or context. One analogue is unlikely to hold true for all horse–human contexts, so when applying any model from horse–horse interactions to human–horse interactions, the limitations of the model may eclipse the intended outcome of the intervention. These limitations are especially likely when the horse is being ridden. Such analyses may help to determine the validity of extrapolating intra-specific interactions to the inter-specific setting, as is advocated by some popular horse-training methods, and highlight the subsequent limitations where humans play the role of the ‘alpha mare’ or leader in horse handling and training. This examination provides a constructive framework for further informed debate and empirical investigation of the critical features of successful intra-specific interactions. |
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1090-0233 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5729 |
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| Author |
Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. |
| Title |
Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training |
| Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. |
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0737-0806 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6712 |
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| Author |
Goodwin, D.; McGreevy, P.; Waran, N.; McLean, A. |
| Title |
How equitation science can elucidate and refine horsemanship techniques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue: Equitation Science |
| Volume |
181 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5-11 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Training; Equitation; Learning theory; Ethology; Cognition |
| Abstract |
The long-held belief that human dominance and equine submission are key to successful training and that the horse must be taught to [`]respect' the trainer infers that force is often used during training. Many horses respond by trialling unwelcome evasions, resistances and flight responses, which readily become established. When unable to cope with problem behaviours, some handlers in the past might have been encouraged to use harsh methods or devices while others may have called in a so-called [`]good horseman' or [`]horse whisperer' to remediate the horse. Frequently, the approaches such practitioners offer could not be applied by the horse's owner or trainer because of their lack of understanding or inability to apply the techniques. Often it seemed that these [`]horse-people' had magical ways with horses (e.g., they only had to whisper to them) that achieved impressive results although they had little motivation to divulge their techniques. As we begin to appreciate how to communicate with horses sensitively and consistently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations by horse and trainer should become less common. Recent studies have begun to reveal what comprises the simplest, most humane and most effective mechanisms in horse training and these advances are being matched by greater sharing of knowledge among practitioners. Indeed, various practitioners of what is referred to here as [`]natural horsemanship' now use techniques similar to the [`]whisperers' of old, but they are more open about their methods. Reputable horse trainers using natural horsemanship approaches are talented observers of horse behaviour and respond consistently and swiftly to the horse's subtle cues during training. For example, in the roundpen these trainers apply an aversive stimulus to prompt a flight response and then, when the horse slows down, moves toward them, or offers space-reducing affiliative signals, the trainer immediately modifies his/her agonistic signals, thus negatively reinforcing the desired response. Learning theory and equine ethology, the fundamentals of the emerging discipline of equitation science, can be used to explain almost all the behaviour modification that goes on in these contexts and in conventional horsemanship. By measuring and evaluating what works and what does not, equitation science has the potential to have a unifying effect on traditional practices and developing branches of equitation. |
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1090-0233 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4826 |
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