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Author |
Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Sambrook, T.; Galdikas, B. |
Title |
Testing for social learning in the “artificial fruit” processing of wildborn orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus), Tanjung Puting, Indonesia |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
305-313 |
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Social learning about actions, objects and sequencing was investigated in a group of 14 wildborn orangutans (four adult females and ten 3- to 5-year-old juveniles). Human models showed alternative methods and sequences for dismantling an artificial fruit to groups of participants matched by gender and age. Each participant received three to six 2-min trials in which they were given access to the artificial fruit for manipulation. Independent coders, who were unaware of which method each participant had seen, gave confidence ratings and collected action frequencies from watching video recordings of the experimental trials. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of the coders' confidence ratings, the action frequencies or the sequence of manipulations. These negative results may at least partly reflect the immaturity of a large proportion of the participants. A positive correlation was found between age and the degree of matching to the method shown. Although none of the juveniles succeeded in opening the “fruit”, two out of the four adults did so and they also seemed to match more closely the sequence of elements touched over successive trials. The results are compared with similar data previously collected from human children, chimpanzees, gorillas, capuchin monkeys and common marmosets. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3370 |
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Author |
Reader, S.M. |
Title |
Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Biol. Leiden. |
Volume |
53 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-158 |
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This paper reviews behavioural, neurological and cognitive correlates of innovation at the individual, population and species level, focusing on birds and primates. Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour not previously found in the population, is the first stage in many instances of cultural transmission and may play an important role in the lives of animals with generalist or opportunistic lifestyles. Within-species, innovation is associated with low neophobia, high neophilia, and with high social learning propensities. Indices of innovatory propensities can be calculated for taxonomic groups by counting the frequency of reports of innovation in published literature. These innovation rate data provide a useful comparative measure for studies of behavioural flexibility and cognition. Innovation rate is positively correlated with the relative size of association areas in the brain, namely the hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum in birds, and the neocortex and striatum in primates. Innovation rate is also positively correlated with the reported variety of tool use, as well as interspecific differences in learning. Current evidence thus suggests similar patterns of cognitive evolution in primates and birds. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3395 |
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Author |
Gardner, P. |
Title |
The responses of horses in a discrimination problem |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1937 |
Publication |
Journal-of-Comparative-Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
23 |
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Pages |
305-333 |
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62 horses were trained to obtain food from the one of three boxes which was covered with a black cloth. The position of the box varied from trial to trial in a random order. Learning was apparently in terms of vision, rather than smell. Many errors were due to the line of direction of the horse's movement as it entered the experimental situation. For all animals the learning curve dropped rapidly during the first few trials. There was slightly more rapid learning in younger horses than in older ones. No sex differences were apparent. Percherons made fewer errors than Belgians. Draft horses showed a slight superiority over military and farm horses. The statistical reliability of these differences is not reported. Good retention was evidenced after a period of several months. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3613 |
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Author |
Laland K.N. |
Title |
Social learning strategies |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
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Learning & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Learn. Behav. |
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32 |
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4-14 |
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In most studies of social learning in animals, no attempt has been made to examine the nature of the strategy adopted by animals when they copy others. Researchers have expended considerable effort in exploring the psychological processes that underlie social learning and amassed extensive data banks recording purported social learning in the field, but the contexts under which animals copy others remain unexplored. Yet, theoretical models used to investigate the adaptive advantages of social learning lead to the conclusion that social learning cannot be indiscriminate and that individuals should adopt strategies that dictate the circumstances under which they copy others and from whom they learn. In this article, I discuss a number of possible strategies that are predicted by theoretical analyses, including copy when uncertain, copy the majority, and copy if better, and consider the empirical evidence in support of each, drawing from both the animal and human social learning literature. Reliance on social learning strategies may be organized hierarchically, their being employed by animals when unlearned and asocially learned strategies prove ineffective but before animals take recourse in innovation. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4193 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
Title |
Equine behavior problems in relation to humane management |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1981 |
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Int. J. Stud. Anim Prob. |
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Int. J. Stud. Anim. Prob. |
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2 |
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6 |
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329-337 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4521 |
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Author |
To be deleted |
Title |
The responses of horses in a discrimination problem |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1937 |
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J. Compar. Physiol. Psychol. |
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23 |
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305-333 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 2; Export Date: 24 October 2008 |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4585 |
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Author |
Krueger, K. |
Title |
“Pferdehaltung und Ethologie der Pferde” im Bachelorstudiengang Pferdewirtschaft |
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Book Chapter |
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2014 |
Publication |
Forschendes Lernen initiieren, umsetzen und reflektieren |
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54-81 |
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UniversitätsVerlag Webler |
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Bielefeld |
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: S. Lepp und C. Niederdrenk-Felgner |
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10: 3-937026-91-6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5944 |
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Krueger, K. |
Title |
“Erfasst” das Pferd die menschliche Psyche" |
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Book Chapter |
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2010 |
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Pferdegestützte Therapie bei psychischen Erkrankungen |
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40-51 |
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Schattauer Verlag |
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Stuttgart |
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Dettling, M.; Opgen-Rhein, C.; Kläschen, M. |
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978-3794527557 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5443 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. |
Title |
Primates, brains and ecology |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
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Journal of Zoology |
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J. Zool. Lond. |
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190 |
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3 |
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309-323 |
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The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5451 |
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Author |
Benz, B.; Benitz, B.; Krueger, K.; Winter, D. |
Title |
Weniger Einstreu bei gleichem Komfort |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Pferdezucht und Haltung |
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1 |
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66-71 |
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AVA-Verlag-Allgäu GmbH |
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Kempten |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5654 |
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