Records |
Author |
Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees |
Type |
|
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
647-648 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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Language |
English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:10385114 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
195 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; McGrew, W.C. |
Title |
Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? |
Type |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
409 |
Issue |
6816 |
Pages |
12 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Philately |
Abstract |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:11343083 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
739 |
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Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
Title |
Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
423 |
Issue |
6938 |
Pages |
432-434 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors |
Abstract |
Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12761547 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5138 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
Title |
The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7055 |
Pages |
52-55 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology |
Abstract |
Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing. |
Address |
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:16136127 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
730 |
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Author |
Gilbert, B.K.; Hailman, J.P. |
Title |
Uncertainty of leadership-rank in fallow deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
209 |
Issue |
5027 |
Pages |
1041-1042 |
Keywords |
Animals; Artiodactyla; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Leadership; Pregnancy |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:5927524 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
2057 |
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Author |
Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. |
Title |
Group decision-making in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
421 |
Issue |
6919 |
Pages |
155-158 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior |
Abstract |
Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans. |
Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12520299 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5136 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Matsuzawa, T. |
Title |
Use of numbers by a chimpanzee |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
57-59 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Female; Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
Abstract |
Recent studies have examined linguistic abilities in apes. However, although human mathematical abilities seem to be derived from the same foundation as those in language, we have little evidence for mathematical abilities in apes (but for exceptions see refs 7-10). In the present study, a 5-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 'Ai', was trained to use Arabic numerals to name the number of items in a display. Ai mastered numerical naming from one to six and was able to name the number, colour and object of 300 types of samples. Although no particular sequence of describing samples was required, the chimpanzee favoured two sequences (colour/object/number and object/colour/number). The present study demonstrates that the chimpanzee was able to describe the three attributes of the sample items and spontaneously organized the 'word order'. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:3990808 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2793 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
McGonigle, B. |
Title |
Can apes learn to count? |
Type |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
16-17 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:3990806 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2794 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. |
Title |
Horses damp the spring in their step |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
414 |
Issue |
6866 |
Pages |
895-899 |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration |
Abstract |
The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk |
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0028-0836 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11780059 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2300 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
Abstract |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
Permanent link to this record |