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Huizinga, H.A.; van der Werf, J.H.J.; Korver, S.; van der Meij, G.J.W. |
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Title |
Stationary performance testing of stallions from the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population. 1. Estimated genetic parameters of scored traits and the genetic relation with dressage and jumping competition from offspring of breeding stallions |
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1991 |
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Livestock Production Science |
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27 |
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2-3 |
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231-244 |
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dressage; genetic parameters; horse; jumping; performance; stallion |
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Abstract |
The stationary performance testing (SPT) of stallions as breeding candidates in the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population is evaluated. Genetic and phenotypic parameters of traits scored during SPT and the genetic correlation of these traits with performances in dressage and jumping competition from offspring of breeding stallions are estimated. Data from 1978-1988 are used, covering scores from 337 3-year-old stallions. Eight subjectively scored traits are considered. These traits are: walk; trot; canter; riding ability; show jumping; free jumping; cross country; character. SPT lasts for a period of 100 days. Data from SPT are analysed using an animal model. The relations between SPT of stallions and performances in jumping and dressage competition are analysed with an animal model for SPT data and a sire model for competition data. Variance and covariance components are estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. Estimates of heritability are high (0.64) for gaits and riding ability, intermediate (0.41) for cross country and medium-high (0.31) for jumping. Estimated genetic correlation between show jumping scored during SPT and jumping in competition from offspring of breeding stallions is 0.84; for dressage this relation is 0.83. Some possible bias due to selection and the subjectivity of scoring is discussed. It is indicated that selection on SPT of stallions before entering breeding service is an effective tool to breed for ability of performance in competition. |
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3962 |
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Author |
Huizinga, H.A.; Korver, S.; van der Meij, G.J.W. |
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Title |
Stationary performance testing of stallions from the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population. 2. Estimated heritabilities of and correlations between successive judgements of performance traits |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Livestock Production Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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27 |
Issue |
2-3 |
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245-254 |
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Keywords |
dressage; genetic parameters; horse; jumping; performance; stallion |
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Abstract |
The length of test period of stationary performance testing (SPT) of stallions of the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population is evaluated. Heritability of successive judgements of traits and the phenotypic and genetic relations between successive judgements are estimated. Data from 1983-1988 are used, covering scores from 206 mostly 3-year-old stallions. Ten subjectively scored traits are considered: walk, trot, canter, riding ability, jumping ability, free jumping, cross country, character, stable behaviour, training report. Traits are successively scored at about 25, 50, 80 and 100 days in SPT. Missing scores are predicted on basis of the available scores using multiple partial regression coefficients. Validity of this method is checked in an independent data set for walk, trot and canter. The correlations between predicted and realized scores average 0.74, 0.77 and 0.79 when first, first and second, and first, second and third judgements are available, respectively. Variance and covariance components are estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. Data from SPT are analysed using an animal model. Estimates of heritability are high and constant for gaits during the successive judgements. Except for stable behaviour estimates of heritability, the traits decrease slightly during the successive judgements. Estimates of the phenotypic and genetic correlations between successive judgements are high. It is concluded that length of SPT can be shortened and selection during SPT can be intensified. |
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3963 |
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Deutsch, J.; Lee, P. |
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Title |
Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
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International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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12 |
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6 |
Pages |
615-628 |
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Keywords |
female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress |
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The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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813 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.; Alfieri, M. |
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Title |
Tit-For-Tat in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): the relative nature of cooperation and defection during predator inspection |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Evolutionary Ecology |
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Evol. Ecol. |
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5 |
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3 |
Pages |
300-309 |
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Game theory – Tit-For-Tat – predator inspection – guppy |
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Summary The introduction of game-theoretical thinking into evolutionary biology has laid the groundwork for a heuristic view of animal behaviour in which individuals employ “strategies” – rules that instruct them how to behave in a given circumstance to maximize relative fitness. Axelrod and Hamilton (1981) found that a strategy called Tit-For-Tat (TFT) is one robust cooperative solution to the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game. There exists, however, little empirical evidence that animals employ TFT. Predator inspection in fish provides one ecological context in which to examine the use of the TFT strategy. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2177 |
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McDonnell, S.M.; Henry,M. Bristol, F. |
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Title |
Spontaneous erection and masturbation in equids Proc 35th |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
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J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl |
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44 |
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664-665 |
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Horse; Masturbation; Erection; Aversive conditioning; Sexual behavior; Ejaculation; Semen |
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This paper is part of the special issue entitled “Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Stallion Reproduction”, Guest Edited by Dr. Edward Squires. |
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1378 |
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Author |
Judge, P.J. |
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Title |
Dyadic and triadic reconciliation in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Am. J. Primatol. |
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23 |
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225-237 |
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reconciliation • kinship • affiliation • aggression |
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The tendency in primates for former antagonists to approach and affiliate following aggression has been termed reconciliation because the response is thought to resolve social conflicts produced by aggression. In primate societies, however, an aggressive interaction between two individuals often spreads to include other group members, especially the kin of the combatants. If post conflict affiliation resolves aggressive conflicts in a group, then affiliative increases might occur between combatants and the kin of their opponents following aggression as well as between former opponents. This hypothesis was tested in a captive group of 39 pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) by comparing affiliative response frequencies of combatants during the 5 minute period following aggression to affiliative response frequencies during 5 minute baseline periods not preceded by aggressive activity. Following aggression, affiliation rates increased between combatants and their opponents, aggressors and the kin of their opponents, and aggressors and their own kin. Additional analyses showed that aggression among kin was reconciled more often than aggression among nonkin. Recipients of aggression reconciled with their attackers more often than aggressors reconciled with their victims. Animals with similar dominance ranks reconciled proportionately more often than those with large rank disparities and aggressive infractions of a calculated dominance hierarchy were reconciled more often than attacks consistent with the hierarchy. Results suggest that both dyadic and triadic reconciliations occur in M. nemestrina and that compared to other primate species M. nemestrina exhibit a moderate-to-high conciliatory tendency. |
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10.1002/ajp.1350230403 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4869 |
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