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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. openurl 
  Title Reversibility of action and safety during pregnancy of immunization against porcine zona pellucida in wild mares (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Supplement Abbreviated Journal Reprod Suppl  
  Volume 60 Issue Pages 197-202  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Animals, Wild; Antigens/administration & dosage; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Fertility; *Horses; Immunization, Secondary/veterinary; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Safety; Swine; Time Factors; Vaccines, Contraceptive/*administration & dosage  
  Abstract Contraceptive management of publicly valued wildlife species requires safeguards to ensure that these populations are preserved in a healthy state. In addition, reversibility of contraceptive effects and safety in pregnant animals are major concerns. A population of wild horses has been immunized against porcine zona pellucida (PZP) over a 12 year period on Assateague Island National Seashore, MD (ASIS). Mares initially received one or two 65 microg inoculations and once a year 65 microg booster inoculations, all delivered by dart. All young mares aged > 2 years were treated with PZP for 3 consecutive years regardless of whether they have bred successfully and they were then removed from treatment until they had foaled. All mares vaccinated for 1 or 2 consecutive years became fertile again and 69% of mares treated for 3 consecutive years returned to fertility. All five mares treated for 4 or 5 consecutive years have also returned to fertility, but over longer periods of time. Mares treated for 7 consecutive years have not returned to fertility, but several, while still infertile, have started ovulating again. There was no difference in survival rates between foals born to treated and untreated mares, and PZP treatment of pregnant mares did not affect subsequent fertility of their female offspring.  
  Address Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings 59106, USA. zoolab@wtp.net  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1477-0415 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12220160 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 141  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. openurl 
  Title Remotely delivered immunocontraception in free-roaming feral burros (Equus asinus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 107 Issue 1 Pages 31-35  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Animals, Wild; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; *Equidae; Feces/chemistry; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Swine; Zona Pellucida/immunology  
  Abstract Regulation of local overpopulations of free-roaming feral equids is in demand worldwide for ecological balance and habitat preservation. Contraceptive vaccines have proven effective in feral horses, which breed seasonally, but no data are available for equids such as the burro, which is reproductively active all year round. In the present study, 27 individually identified female feral burros (Equus asinus) roaming free in Virgin Islands National Park (St John, US Virgin Islands; Lesser Antilles) were remotely treated with pig zonae pellucidae (PZP) vaccine. Between January and May, 16 burros were darted with a 1 ml emulsion of PZP plus Freund's adjuvant. Ten to twelve months later each treated burro was given a single booster injection of PZP plus adjuvant to maintain contraception through a second year. Eleven adult untreated jennies served as controls. Beginning one year after initial vaccination, these burros were monitored for pregnancy and foal production. Collection of data to determine treatment effect was not begun until 12 months after initial treatment to ensure that pregnancies existing before vaccination were not included. Pregnancy was assessed using previously validated methods for steroid metabolite measurement in fresh faecal samples. None of the PZP-treated burros produced foals between 0 and 12 months after the last inoculation. One PZP-treated burro tested positive for pregnancy at 10 months after the final inoculation. During this same period, six of 11 untreated burros tested pregnancy-positive, and four were observed with foals. There was no difference in pregnancy rates among treated, control and randomly sampled jennies between 12 and 24 months after the last inoculation. The results demonstrate that, in free-roaming feral burros that are reproductively active all year round: (1) burros can be accessed for remotely delivered PZP vaccination; (2) PZP contraception is effective; (3) PZP contraception is reversible; and (4) pregnancy can be reliably detected by faecal steroid analysis.  
  Address Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8699431 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 144  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. url  openurl
  Title Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.  
  Volume 115 Issue 4 Pages 337-343  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0735-7036 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11824896 Approved yes  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4970  
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Author Robertson, S. openurl 
  Title The importance of assessing pain in horses and donkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 5-6  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Equidae/*physiology; Horses/physiology; Pain/diagnosis/prevention & control/*veterinary; Pain Measurement/methods/*veterinary; Veterinary Medicine/*methods  
  Abstract  
  Address Section of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, College of Veterinary of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16411578 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1881  
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Author Bottoms, G.D.; Roesel, O.F.; Rausch, F.D.; Akins, E.L. openurl 
  Title Circadian variation in plasma cortisol and corticosterone in pigs and mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication American Journal of Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 785-790  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; Corticosterone/*blood; Female; Horses/*metabolism; Hydrocortisone/*blood; Methods; Swine/*metabolism; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5017871 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4074  
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Author Musterle, B.; Furst, A.; Geyer, H.; Raber, M.; Weishaupt, M.A. openurl 
  Title [Interactive educational DVD on hoof protection, horseshoeing and diseases of the hoof] Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde Abbreviated Journal Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd  
  Volume 148 Issue 2 Pages 81-85  
  Keywords (up) Animals; *Education, Veterinary/methods; Foot Diseases/pathology/therapy/*veterinary; Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Horse Diseases/*pathology/therapy; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; Shoes; Videodisc Recording  
  Abstract Good cooperation between farrier, veterinarian and horse owner is an important prerequisite for optimal support of the horse with regards to shoeing and hoof health. The introduction of a joint educational aid aims to improve the level of education of both veterinarians and farriers. The interactive, multimedia approach represents an innovative new dimension in instruction techniques, predominantly provided through images and videos. The contents of the new teaching aid will focus on detailed anatomy of the foot and distal limb, as well as currently accepted shoeing practices and techniques and pathologic conditions of the hoof and foot.  
  Address Pferdeklinik der Universitat Zurich  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title Interaktives Lehrmittel Huf: Schutz, Beschlag und Erkrankungen  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-7281 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16509169 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4033  
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. doi  openurl
  Title Absence of effects from immunocontraception on seasonal birth patterns and foal survival among barrier island wild horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS Abbreviated Journal J Appl Anim Welf Sci  
  Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 301-308  
  Keywords (up) Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Case-Control Studies; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Horses/*physiology; Maryland/epidemiology; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; *Reproduction; Seasons; Vaccines, Contraceptive/administration & dosage  
  Abstract Despite a large body of safety data, concern exists that porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) immunocontraception--used to manage wild horse populations--may cause out-of-season births with resulting foal mortality. Our study at Assateague, Maryland indicated the effects of immunocontraception on season of birth and foal survival between 1990 and 2002 on wild horses from Assateague Island. Among 91 mares never treated, 69 (75.8%) of foals were born in April, May, and June (in season). Among 77 treated mares, 50 (64.9%) were born in season. Of 29 mares foaling within 1 year after treatment (contraceptive failures), 20 (68.9%) were born in season. Of 48 mares treated for greater than 2 years then withdrawn from treatment, 30 (62.5%) of 48 foals were born in season. There were no significant differences (p <.05) between either treatment group or untreated mares. Survival did not differ significantly among foals born in or out of season or among foals born to treated or untreated mares. Data indicate a lack of effect of PZP contraception on season of birth or foal survival on barrier island habitats.  
  Address Science and Conservation Center Zoo Montana, Billings, Montana 59106, USA. jkirkpatrick@montana.net  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1088-8705 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:14965784 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 140  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dargatz, D.A.; Traub-Dargatz, J.L. doi  openurl
  Title Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice Abbreviated Journal Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 587-600  
  Keywords (up) Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Cross Infection/prevention & control/*veterinary; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Horse Diseases/*drug therapy/transmission; Horses; Infection Control/methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary; Salmonella/*drug effects; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*drug therapy/transmission  
  Abstract Nosocomial infections are a serious threat to optimum patient care. In addition, nosocomial infections can have far-reaching consequences for the hospital personnel and the financial aspects of the hospital. Nosocomial infections with Salmonella spp have been described among hospitalized equine populations more frequently than any other agent. Salmonella spp associated with hospitalized equids often possess more antimicrobial resistance determinants than do Salmonella spp isolated from healthy horses in the general population. There is little evidence to suggest that resistant salmonellae are more virulent than nonresistant forms. MDR forms of Salmonella complicate the selection of appropriate antimicrobials when they are indicated, however. Furthermore, the use of some antimicrobials may apply selection pressure toward enhanced ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients. Further research should help to elucidate the risky uses of antimicrobials in the hospital setting and define the role of disinfectants and treatments such as NSAIDs in the ecology of MDR forms of nosocomial infections, including Salmonella. In the meantime, thoughtful selection of when and how to use antimicrobials in equine patients, together with deliberate selection of which antimicrobials to use based on monitoring data and other factors, such as safety and spectrum, is advised.  
  Address Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building MS 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0749-0739 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15519820 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2632  
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Author Rietmann, T.R.; Stauffacher, M.; Bernasconi, P.; Auer, J.A.; Weishaupt, M.A. doi  openurl
  Title The association between heart rate, heart rate variability, endocrine and behavioural pain measures in horses suffering from laminitis Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine Abbreviated Journal J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med  
  Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 218-225  
  Keywords (up) Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Electrophysiology/*methods; Endocrine System; Female; Heart Rate; Horse Diseases/blood/drug therapy/*physiopathology; Horses; Joint Diseases/physiopathology/*veterinary; Male; Pain/physiopathology/*veterinary; Pain Measurement/*veterinary; Predictive Value of Tests  
  Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the stress response of horses suffering from laminitis after short- and long-term treatment with the intent to evaluate power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) for pain monitoring. Data were collected from 19 horses with acute or chronic exacerbating laminitis without known primary disease before and after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Recordings were carried out the day after admission to the equine hospital. Measurements were repeated on day 7 of the treatment. The recorded parameters included a clinical orthopaedic index (OLPI: Obel-grade plus hoof tester score), frequency of weight-shifting between contralateral limbs, mean beat-to-beat interval (R-R) duration, standard deviation of continuous R-R intervals, low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components of HRV, sympatho-vagal balance (LF/HF), and plasma concentration of cortisol, adrenalin and noradrenalin. The LF represents mainly sympathetic influences on the heart whereas HF is mediated by the parasympathetic tone. Weight-shifting and OLPI decreased significantly with treatment. The LF normalized units (n.u.) decreased after NSAID from 60.41 +/- 21.42 to 51.12 +/- 19.81 and was 49.33 +/- 22.64 on day 7, whereas HF n.u. increased from 35.07 +/- 20.02 to 43.14 +/- 18.30 and was 45.98 +/- 23.00 on day 7. Hormone levels showed no tendency to change with treatment. The OLPI was only correlated with LF/HF, LF and HF (R = 0.57, 0.55 and -0.54 respectively). Significant negative correlations existed between HFn.u. and weight-shifting frequency (R = -0.37), HFn.u. and adrenalin (R = -0.47), and HFn.u. and noradrenalin (R = 0.33). The LFn.u. only correlated positively with adrenalin. Cortisol levels were poorly associated with the other parameters. Determination of the sympatho-vagal influences on cardiac function may offer complementary information for reliable assessment of pain and may represent a valuable alternative method to catecholamine measurements.  
  Address Equine Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0931-184X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15315700 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1899  
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Fayrer-Hosken, R.; Rutberg, A.T. openurl 
  Title Case studies in wildlife immunocontraception: wild and feral equids and white-tailed deer Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Reproduction, fertility, and development Abbreviated Journal Reprod Fertil Dev  
  Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 105-110  
  Keywords (up) Animals; Antigens/immunology; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Deer; *Equidae; Female; Immunization, Secondary; Pest Control/*methods; Pregnancy; Swine; Vaccines/administration & dosage; Zona Pellucida/immunology  
  Abstract Non-lethal management methods are required for wild equids that are protected by law and for deer inhabiting areas where lethal controls are not legal or safe. Single or multiple inoculations of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine have been delivered to wild horses and deer by means of darts. Contraceptive efficacy in horses after two inoculations ranged from 90% to 100%, and after a single inoculation ranged from 19% to 28%. Mares given a controlled-release form of the vaccine had foaling rates ranging from 7% to 20%. No detectable changes in social organization or behaviours among treated horses occurred. Contraceptive effects were reversible after 4 consecutive years of treatment but 5-7 years of treatment resulted in ovulation failure and decreased urinary oestrogen concentrations. Among deer, two inoculations were 70-100% effective in preventing fawns, but one inoculation yielded a contraceptive efficacy of < or = 20%, with pregnancies occurring late in the breeding season; a single annual booster inoculation reduced fertility to 20% in the second year. Energy costs of extended breeding seasons were less than those resulting from pregnancy. After two years of treatment, ovaries appeared normal. These studies suggest that PZP immunocontraception can be successfully applied to certain free-roaming populations of wild horses and deer.  
  Address ZooMontana, Billings 59108, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1031-3613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9109199 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 143  
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