| Records |
| Author |
Clayton, H.M. |
| Title |
Classification of collected trot, passage and piaffe based on temporal variables |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
54-57 |
Keywords  |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Discriminant Analysis; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Running/physiology; Time Factors; Videotape Recording; Walking/physiology |
| Abstract |
The objective was to determine whether collected trot, passage and piaffe could be distinguished as separate gaits on the basis of temporal variables. Sagittal plane, 60 Hz videotapes of 10 finalists in the dressage competitions at the 1992 Olympic Games were analysed to measure the temporal variables in absolute terms and as percentages of stride duration. Classification was based on analysis of variance, a graphical method and discriminant analysis. Stride duration was sufficient to distinguish collected trot from passage and piaffe in all horses. The analysis of variance showed that the mean values of most variables differed significantly between passage and piaffe. When hindlimb stance percentage was plotted against diagonal advanced placement percentage, some overlap was found between all 3 movements indicating that individual horses could not be classified reliably in this manner. Using hindlimb stance percentage and diagonal advanced placement percentage as input in a discriminant analysis, 80% of the cases were classified correctly, but at least one horse was misclassified in each movement. When the absolute, rather than percentage, values of the 2 variables were used as input in the discriminant analysis, 90% of the cases were correctly classified and the only misclassifications were between passage and piaffe. However, the 2 horses in which piaffe was misclassified as passage were the gold and silver medallists. In general, higher placed horses tended toward longer diagonal advanced placements, especially in collected trot and passage, and shorter hindlimb stance percentages in passage and piaffe. |
| Address |
Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada |
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| Language |
English |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9354290 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3738 |
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| Author |
Wasserman, E.A. |
| Title |
The science of animal cognition: past, present, and future |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123-135 |
| Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; *Cognition; Evolution; Forecasting; Humans; Intelligence |
| Abstract |
The field of animal cognition is strongly rooted in the philosophy of mind and in the theory of evolution. Despite these strong roots, work during the most famous and active period in the history of our science-the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s-may have diverted us from the very questions that were of greatest initial interest to the comparative analysis of learning and behavior. Subsequently, the field has been in steady decline despite its increasing breadth and sophistication. Renewal of the field of animal cognition may require a return to the original questions of animal communication and intelligence using the most advanced tools of modern psychological science. Reclaiming center stage in contemporary psychology will be difficult; planning that effort with a host of strategies should enhance the chances of success. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1407, USA. ed-wasserman@uiowa.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9095537 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2779 |
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| Author |
Waran, N.K. |
| Title |
Can studies of feral horse behaviour be used for assessing domestic horse welfare? |
Type |
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| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
249-251 |
| Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; Social Behavior |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15338901 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1936 |
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| Author |
Brodbeck, D.R. |
| Title |
Picture fragment completion: priming in the pigeon |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
461-468 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Awareness; Columbidae; *Mental Recall; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Perceptual Masking; Problem Solving |
| Abstract |
It has been suggested that the system behind implicit memory in humans is evolutionarily old and that animals should readily show priming. In Experiment 1, a picture fragment completion test was used to test priming in pigeons. After pecking a warning stimulus, pigeons were shown 2 partially obscured pictures from different categories and were always reinforced for choosing a picture from one of the categories. On control trials, the warning stimulus was a picture of some object (not from the S+ or S- category), on study trials the warning stimulus was a picture to be categorized on the next trial, and on test trials the warning stimulus was a randomly chosen picture and the S+ picture was the warning stimulus seen on the previous trial. Categorization was better on study and test trials than on control trials. Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that the priming effect was caused by the pigeons' responding to familiarity by using warning stimuli from both S+ and S- categories. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of the priming effect. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. brodbeck@thunderbird.auc.laurentian.ca |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9411019 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2777 |
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| Author |
Swartz, K.B. |
| Title |
What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
818 |
Issue |
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Pages |
64-71 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Ego; Primates/*psychology |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9237465 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4135 |
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| Author |
Church, R.M. |
| Title |
Quantitative models of animal learning and cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
379-389 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Computer Simulation; *Learning; *Models, Psychological; *Models, Theoretical |
| Abstract |
This article reviews the prerequisites for quantitative models of animal learning and cognition, describes the types of models, provides a rationale for the development of such quantitative models, describes criteria for their evaluation, and makes recommendations for the next generation of quantitative models. A modular approach to the development of models is described in which a procedure is considered as a generator of stimuli and a model is considered as a generator of responses. The goal is to develop models that, in combination with many different procedures, produce sequences of times of occurrence of events (stimuli and responses) that are indistinguishable from those produced by the animal under many experimental procedures and data analysis techniques. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. russell_church@brown.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9335132 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2778 |
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| Author |
Williams, N. |
| Title |
Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition |
Type |
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| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
275 |
Issue |
5296 |
Pages |
29-30 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Cognition; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta/psychology; Male; Memory; Reward; *Social Sciences |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8999531 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2845 |
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| Author |
Lemasson, J.J.; Fontenille, D.; Lochouarn, L.; Dia, I.; Simard, F.; Ba, K.; Diop, A.; Diatta, M.; Molez, J.F. |
| Title |
Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
396-403 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*parasitology; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Desert Climate; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria/*transmission; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission; Periodicity; Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification; Protozoan Proteins/analysis; Rain; Seasons; Senegal; Sheep/parasitology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors. |
| Address |
Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-2585 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9220672 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2655 |
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| Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Fayrer-Hosken, R.; Rutberg, A.T. |
| Title |
Case studies in wildlife immunocontraception: wild and feral equids and white-tailed deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Reproduction, fertility, and development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Fertil Dev |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
105-110 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antigens/immunology; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Deer; *Equidae; Female; Immunization, Secondary; Pest Control/*methods; Pregnancy; Swine; Vaccines/administration & dosage; Zona Pellucida/immunology |
| Abstract |
Non-lethal management methods are required for wild equids that are protected by law and for deer inhabiting areas where lethal controls are not legal or safe. Single or multiple inoculations of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine have been delivered to wild horses and deer by means of darts. Contraceptive efficacy in horses after two inoculations ranged from 90% to 100%, and after a single inoculation ranged from 19% to 28%. Mares given a controlled-release form of the vaccine had foaling rates ranging from 7% to 20%. No detectable changes in social organization or behaviours among treated horses occurred. Contraceptive effects were reversible after 4 consecutive years of treatment but 5-7 years of treatment resulted in ovulation failure and decreased urinary oestrogen concentrations. Among deer, two inoculations were 70-100% effective in preventing fawns, but one inoculation yielded a contraceptive efficacy of < or = 20%, with pregnancies occurring late in the breeding season; a single annual booster inoculation reduced fertility to 20% in the second year. Energy costs of extended breeding seasons were less than those resulting from pregnancy. After two years of treatment, ovaries appeared normal. These studies suggest that PZP immunocontraception can be successfully applied to certain free-roaming populations of wild horses and deer. |
| Address |
ZooMontana, Billings 59108, USA |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1031-3613 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9109199 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
143 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Schizophrenia clues from monkeys |
Type |
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| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
277 |
Issue |
5328 |
Pages |
900 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Clozapine/pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; *Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine/*metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Memory/drug effects; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology; Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/drug therapy/*metabolism; Schizophrenic Psychology |
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English |
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Edition |
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0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9281070 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2844 |
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