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| Author | Leiner, L.; Fendt, M. | ||||
| Title | Behavioural fear and heart rate responses of horses after exposure to novel objects: Effects of habituation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 131 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 104-109 |
Keywords  |
Anxiety; Avoidance; Behavioural test; Emotion; Fear; Flight; Habituation; Horse; Vocalization | ||||
| Abstract | The emotion fear promotes the fitness of wild animals. In a farm environment, exaggerated fear, e.g., in horses, can cause several problems. Therefore, knowledge about fear in horses helps to prevent or to handle potential fear-inducing situations. The present study investigated which behavioural fear responses can be observed during exposure of horses to a novel stimulus, whether these behavioural responses are correlated with physiological changes, and whether and how specifically these changes are reduced after habituation training to one of the novel objects. Our data shows that behavioural and physiological fear responses in horses are correlated, are reliable to observe and to measure, and appear in a typical chronological order. Furthermore, after habituation-training to an object, the fear response to this object is specifically attenuated whereas the fear response to another object remains. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5332 | ||
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| Author | Stachurska, A.; Janczarek, I.; Wilk, I.; Kedzierski, W. | ||||
| Title | Does Music Influence Emotional State in Race Horses? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 650-656 |
| Keywords |
Cardiac activity; Emotional state; Music; Race horse | ||||
| Abstract | The aim of the study was to determine the effect of music featured in the barn, on the emotional state of race horses. Seventy 3-year-old Purebred Arabian horses in their first race season were divided into experimental group (EXP) of 40 horses and control group (CNT) of 30 horses and placed in separate barns. The EXP was subject to specifically composed music featured in the barn for 5 hours in the afternoon during the whole study. The emotional state in the horses was assessed at rest, saddling, and warm-up walk under rider. Measurements were taken six times, every 30 to 35 days, starting from the beginning of featuring the music. The horse's emotional state was assessed by cardiac activity variables. The music effect on the emotional state was also considered with regard to the horse's performance estimated by race records. The cardiac activity variables were compared with repeated measures design, whereas race records were analyzed with analysis of variance generalized linear model. The music positively affected the emotional state in race horses. The influence was noticeable already after the first month of featuring the music and increased in the second and third months. Despite the fact that later the variables began to return to initial levels, a positive effect of the music on prizes won by the horses in the EXP compared to the CNT was found (P < .05). The results suggest that the music may be featured in the barn, preferably for 2 to 3 months as a means of improving the welfare of race horses. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6632 | ||
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| Author | Denoix, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Approche mecanique des allures et du saut chez le cheval | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Science & Sports | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 117-124 |
| Keywords |
cheval; locomotion; biomecanique; horse; locomotion; biomechanics | ||||
| Abstract | Resume La locomotion du cheval implique des contraintes mecaniques elevees sur les os, les articulations, les muscles et les tendons. Son etude permet de mieux connaitre les interventions actives ou passives de ces organes au cours des allures et du saut. Ces elements sont utiles pour la mise en oeuvre rationnelle d'exercices d'entrainement chez le cheval de sport ou de courses, en fonction des exigences de la discipline et des eventuels problemes locomoteurs du sujet. L'etude mecanique de la locomotion du cheval est par ailleurs indispensable pour l'amelioration de la connaissance des boiteries. Elle permet de preciser la genese des lesions osteoarticulaires et musculo-tendineuses et contribue a ameliorer leur traitement.Summary Locomotion of the horse is correlated with a great variety of mechanical stresses on bones, joints, muscles and tendons. Research on locomotion increases the knowledge of passive and active interventions of these structures during gaits and jump. These data are useful to manage the training of sport and jump horses, especially to fit with the particularities of the sport speciality and individual locomotor problems of horses. Beside, studies of locomotion in the horse are of importance to improve the knowledge of lamenesses. They contribute to precise the pathogenesis of osteoarticular and musculotendinous injuries and improve their treatment. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3976 | ||
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| Author | Broom, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive ability and awareness in domestic animals and decisions about obligations to animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 1-11 |
| Keywords |
Cognition; Awareness; Self-awareness; Feelings; Emotions; Cognitive bias; Sentience; Welfare; Domestic animals | ||||
| Abstract | Observation of behaviour, especially social behaviour, and experimental studies of learning and brain function give us information about the complexity of concepts that animals have. In order to learn to obtain a resource or carry out an action, domestic animals may: relate stimuli such as human words to the reward, perform sequences of actions including navigation or detours, discriminate amongst other individuals, copy the actions of other individuals, distinguish between individuals who do or do not have information, or communicate so as to cause humans or other animals to carry out actions. Some parrots, that are accustomed to humans but not domesticated, can use words to have specific meanings. In some cases, stimuli, individuals or actions are remembered for days, weeks or years. Events likely to occur in the future may be predicted and changes over time taken into account. Scientific evidence for the needs of animals depends, in part, on studies assessing motivational strength whose methodology depends on the cognitive ability of the animals. Recognition and learning may be associated with changes in physiology, behaviour and positive or negative feelings. Learning and other complex behaviour can result in affect and affect can alter cognition. The demonstration of cognitive bias gives indications about affect and welfare but should be interpreted in the light of other information. All of the information mentioned so far helps to provide evidence about sentience and the level of awareness. The term sentience implies a range of abilities, not just the capacity to have some feelings. The reluctance of scientists to attribute complex abilities and feelings to non-humans has slowed the development of this area of science. Most people consider that they have obligations to some animals. However, they might protect animals because they consider that an animal has an intrinsic value, or because of their concern for its welfare. In social species, there has been selection promoting moral systems that might result in behaviours such as attempts to avoid harm to others, collaboration and other altruistic behaviour. An evaluation of such behaviour may provide one of the criteria for decisions about whether or not to protect animals of a particular species. Other criteria may be: whether or not the animal is known as an individual, similarity to humans, level of awareness, extent of feelings, being large, being rare, being useful or having aesthetic quality for humans. Cognitive ability should also be considered when designing methods of enriching the environments of captive animals. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5135 | ||
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| Author | Adolphs, R. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 165-178 |
| Keywords |
Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations. | ||||
| Address | Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1471-003X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12612630 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4706 | ||
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| Author | Bode, N.W.F.; Wood, A.J.; Franks, D.W. | ||||
| Title | The impact of social networks on animal collective motion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 29-38 |
| Keywords |
collective motion; group cohesion; group position; hierarchical dynamics; social network | ||||
| Abstract | Many group-living animals show social preferences for relatives, familiar conspecifics or individuals of similar attributes such as size, personality or sex. How such preferences could affect the collective motion of animal groups has been rather unexplored. We present a general model of collective animal motion that includes social connections as preferential reactions between individuals. Our conceptual examples illustrate the possible impact of underlying social networks on the collective motion of animals. Our approach shows that the structure of these networks could influence: (1) the cohesion of groups; (2) the spatial position of individuals within groups; and (3) the hierarchical dynamics within such groups. We argue that the position of individuals within a social network and the social network structure of populations could have important fitness implications for individual animals. Counterintuitive results from our conceptual examples show that social structures can result in unexpected group dynamics. This sharpens our understanding of the way in which collective movement can be interpreted as a result of social interactions. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5393 | ||
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| Author | Wolfe, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Hidden visual processes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Scientific American | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Am |
| Volume | 248 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 94-103 |
| Keywords |
Color Perception/*physiology; Humans; Motion Perception/physiology; Ocular Physiology; Vision; Visual Perception/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Isoluminant stimulus is an image whose edges are defined only by a change in color, not by change in brightness. The stimulus here is imperfect: the blue parts and the green parts of the image are only as nearly equal in brightness as they can be on the printed page. Moreover, the change in brightness beyond the edge of the page is apparent, and so is the fact that the reader is holding the magazine at reading distance. When such cues are removed under laboratory conditions, subjects faced with an isoluminant stimulus prove unable to bring its edges into focus. This deficiency contributes to making a familiar face hard to recognize. The experiment indicates that the brain process underlying visual accommodation (the focusing of the eyes) cannot “see” color; it is a hidden process distinct from the processes that lead to perception. The image shows Groucho Marx as he appeared in the motion picture Horse Feathers. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8733 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:6836258 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4066 | ||
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| Author | Kedzierski, W.; Wilk, I.; Janczarek, I. | ||||
| Title | Physiological response to the first saddling and first mounting of horses: comparison of two sympathetic training methods | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Science Papers and Reports | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 219-228 |
| Keywords |
cortisol / emotional reaction/ horses / natural training / stress | ||||
| Abstract | There is not much research done on the influence of sympathetic training on the emotional reaction of horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emotional response and the stress level in horses to two sympathetic training methods: (1) with the use of the “round pen technique” (RP), and (2) in which the RP was not applied (SH). Twenty two half-bred Anglo-Arab horses (2.5 years ±3 months of age) were subject to an initial training. Eleven horses were randomly included to the RP method and the other 11 horses for the SH method. Heart rate (HR) and saliva cortisol concentration were measured as indicators of horse emotional arousal and stress level, respectively. The HR values were analysed: at rest, during the habituation period, just after the first saddling and tightening of the girth, during the first time a human leaned over the horse’s back, and during the mounting of the horse. Saliva samples were taken before and 15 min after each training session studied. After saddling, the HR occurred significantly higher when the RP technique was used. The significant increase in saliva cortisol concentration was observed only after the first mounting of the horse. Generally, the use of the RP technique did not involve more important physiological reactions in the trained horses than did the SH method. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5816 | ||
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| Author | h:, M.; Lévy, F.; Fortin, M.; Leterrier, C.; LansadLansade, L. | ||||
| Title | Stress and temperament affect working memory performance for disappearing food in horses, Equus caballus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 86 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1233-1240 |
| Keywords |
delayed-response task emotion; equid; Equus caballus; fearfulness; individual difference; personality; stress; temperament | ||||
| Abstract | In the present study, we sought to determine the influence of stress and temperament on working memory for disappearing food in horses. After assessment of five dimensions of temperament, we tested working memory of horses using a delayed-response task requiring a choice between two food locations. Delays ranging from 0 to 20 s were tested. The duration of working memory for disappearing food was first characterized without stressors (N = 26). The horses were then divided into two groups and their performance was assessed under stressful (exposure to acute stressors prior to testing, N = 12) or control conditions (N = 12). Results showed that the duration of working memory for disappearing food lasted at least 20 s under nonstressful conditions, and that under stressful conditions this duration lasted less than 12 s. This stress-induced impairment confirms in a nonrodent species that working memory performance is very sensitive to exposure to stressors. In addition, working memory performance in horses is influenced by the temperamental dimension of fearfulness according to the state of stress: fearful horses showed better performance under control conditions and worse performance under stressful conditions than nonfearful horses. These findings are discussed in the context of the Yerkes–Dodson law of stress and performance. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5746 | ||
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| Author | Krause Hoare; Hemelrijk; Rubenstein | ||||
| Title | Leadership in fish shoals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Fish and Fisheries | Abbreviated Journal | Fish Fish |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 82-89 | |
| Keywords |
directional locomotion; fish schools; front fish; nutritional state; schooling; shoal leadership; swimming direction | ||||
| Abstract | Leadership is not an inherent quality of animal groups that show directional locomotion. However, there are other factors that may be responsible for the occurrence of leadership in fish shoals, such as individual differences in nutritional state between group members. It appears that front fish have a strong influence on directional shoal movements and that individuals that occupy such positions are often characterised by larger body lengths and lower nutritional state. Potential interactions between the two factors and their importance for positioning within shoals need further attention. Initiation of directional movement in stationary shoals and position preferences in mobile shoals need to be addressed separately because they are potentially subject to different constraints. Individuals that initiate a swimming direction may not necessarily be capable of the sustained high swimming performance required to keep the front position or have the motivation to do so, for that matter. More empirical and theoretical work is necessary to look at the factors controlling positioning behaviour within shoals, as well as overall shoal shape and structure. Tracking of marked individuals whose positioning behaviour is monitored over extended time periods of hours or days would be useful. There is an indication that shoal positions are rotated by individuals according to their nutritional needs, with hungry fish occupying front positions only for as long as necessary to regain their nutritional balance. This suggests that shoal members effectively take turns at being leaders. There is a need for three-dimensional recordings of shoaling behaviour using high-speed video systems that allow a detailed analysis of information transfer in shoals of different size. The relationship between leadership and shoal size might provide an interesting field for future research. Most studies to date have been restricted to shoals of small and medium size and more information on larger shoals would be useful. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2067 | |||
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