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Author Vallortigara G.; Regolin L.; Pagni P. doi  openurl
  Title Detour behaviour, imprinting and visual lateralization in the domestic chick Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Cognitive Brain Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 307-320  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3461  
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Author Vallortigara G. doi  openurl
  Title Minds of Their Own Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 118-118  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3466  
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Author Taylor, J.G. url  openurl
  Title What do Neuronal Network Models of the Mind Indicate about Animal Consciousness? Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 63-75  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3490  
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Author Lea, S.E.G. url  openurl
  Title Anticipation and Memory as Criteria for Special Welfare Consideration Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 195-208  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3493  
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Author Bauer, G.B. doi  openurl
  Title Research Training for Releasable Animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Conservation Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue Pages 1779-1789  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3507  
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Author Hunt, G.R.; Gray, R.D. doi  openurl
  Title The crafting of hook tools by wild New Caledonian crows Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.  
  Volume 271 Issue Pages S88-S90  
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  Abstract The 'crafting' of tools involves (i) selection of appropriate raw material, (ii) preparatory trimming and (iii) fine, three-dimensional sculpting. Its evolution is technologically important because it allows the open-ended development of tools. New Caledonian crows manufacture an impressive range of stick and leaf tools. We previously reported that their toolkit included hooked implements made from leafy twigs, although their manufacture had never been closely observed. We describe the manufacture of 10 hooked-twig tools by an adult crow and its dependent juvenile. To make all 10 tools, the crows carried out a relatively invariant three-step sequence of complex manipulations that involved (i) the selection of raw material, (ii) trimming and (iii) a lengthy sculpting of the hook. Hooked-twig manufacture contrasts with the lack of sculpting in the making of wooden tools by other non-humans such as chimpanzees and woodpecker finches. This fine, three-stage crafting process removes another alleged difference between humans and other animals.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3526  
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Author Bobbert, M.F.; Alvarez, C.B.G.; van Weeren, P.R.; Roepstorff, L.; Weishaupt, M.A. doi  openurl
  Title Validation of vertical ground reaction forces on individual limbs calculated from kinematics of horse locomotion Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication The Journal of Experimental Biology Abbreviated Journal J Exp Biol  
  Volume 210 Issue Pt 11 Pages 1885-1896  
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  Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual limb forces could be calculated accurately from kinematics of trotting and walking horses. We collected kinematic data and measured vertical ground reaction forces on the individual limbs of seven Warmblood dressage horses, trotting at 3.4 m s(-1) and walking at 1.6 m s(-1) on a treadmill. First, using a segmental model, we calculated from kinematics the total ground reaction force vector and its moment arm relative to each of the hoofs. Second, for phases in which the body was supported by only two limbs, we calculated the individual reaction forces on these limbs. Third, we assumed that the distal limbs operated as linear springs, and determined their force-length relationships using calculated individual limb forces at trot. Finally, we calculated individual limb force-time histories from distal limb lengths. A good correspondence was obtained between calculated and measured individual limb forces. At trot, the average peak vertical reaction force on the forelimb was calculated to be 11.5+/-0.9 N kg(-1) and measured to be 11.7+/-0.9 N kg(-1), and for the hindlimb these values were 9.8+/-0.7 N kg(-1) and 10.0+/-0.6 N kg(-1), respectively. At walk, the average peak vertical reaction force on the forelimb was calculated to be 6.9+/-0.5 N kg(-1) and measured to be 7.1+/-0.3 N kg(-1), and for the hindlimb these values were 4.8+/-0.5 N kg(-1) and 4.7+/-0.3 N kg(-1), respectively. It was concluded that the proposed method of calculating individual limb reaction forces is sufficiently accurate to detect changes in loading reported in the literature for mild to moderate lameness at trot.  
  Address Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorstraat 9, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands  
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  ISSN 0022-0949 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17515415 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3700  
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Author Balendra, G.; Turner, M.; McCrory, P.; Halley, W. doi  openurl
  Title Injuries in amateur horse racing (point to point racing) in Great Britain and Ireland during 1993-2006 Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication British Journal of Sports Medicine Abbreviated Journal Br J Sports Med  
  Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 162-166  
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  Abstract OBJECTIVES: To provide a breakdown of injury incidence from amateur jump racing (also known as point to point racing) in Great Britain and Ireland during 1993-2006 and to compare the injury epidemiology with professional horse racing in Great Britain, Ireland and France. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Great Britain and Ireland. PARTICIPANTS: Amateur jockeys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury rates. RESULTS: Injury data suggest that point to point racing is more dangerous from an injury point of view than professional jump racing, which has previously been shown to be more dangerous than flat racing. Amateur jockeys have more falls than their professional counterparts, and this in turn puts them at greater risk of sustaining more serious injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Amateur (point to point) jockeys represent a sporting population that previously has been little studied. They represent a group at high risk of injury, and hence formal injury surveillance tracking and counter measures for injury prevention are recommended.  
  Address University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia  
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  ISSN 1473-0480 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17138629 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3821  
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Author Huizinga, H.A.; van der Meij, G.J.W. url  openurl
  Title Estimated parameters of performance in jumping and dressage competition of the Dutch Warmblood horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 333-345  
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  Abstract The objective of this study is to estimate several genetic parameters in the Dutch Warmblood riding horse population. The traits involved are performances in jumping and dressage competition. The following parameters are estimated: heritabilities for jumping and dressage; phenotypic and genetic correlations between jumping and dressage; and phenotypic and genetic correlations between performances at different ages. These parameters are estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Data are from 6899 horses with performances in jumping and 10 408 horses with performances in dressage competition. The horses are sired by 205 and 237 stallions for the two traits, respectively. The progeny range in age from 4 to 8 years old. The performance trait is a cumulatively derived score, that reflects the level of performance in competition. A square root transformation of the score is most appropriate to normalize the data. For estimation of phenotypic and genetic parameters the data is split into two data sets according to the age of the sires (offspring sired by older vs. younger stallions). For estimating correlations between performances at 4, 5 and 6 years of age, performances of the offspring out of previous years are linked to the data. The most unbiased estimates of heritability for jumping and dressage are from data derived from the youngest offspring sired by the younger stallions and are 0.20 and 0.10, respectively. Genetic correlation between jumping and dressage ranges from -0.27 to 0.10. The phenotypic correlation between these traits ranges from 0.15 to 0.26. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between performances at 4, 5 and 6 years average 0.95 and 0.75, respectively. These latter results have important implications for genetic evaluation of breeding candidates in the population.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3966  
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Author Elfman, L.; Brannstrom, J.; Smedje, G. doi  openurl
  Title Detection of Horse Allergen around a Stable Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal Int Arch Allergy Immunol  
  Volume 145 Issue 4 Pages 269-276  
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  Abstract Background: Integrating horse stables with built-up areas may lead to conflicts. Dispersion of horse allergen may become a health risk for allergic people. The aim was to measure the dispersion of horse allergen around a stable, considering wind speed and direction and vegetation. The disturbance of staff at a workplace nearby a stable was investigated. Methods: Air sampling was performed around a stable (32 horses) at distances of 50-500 m in all directions. Sampling was done with a pump and an IOM sampler. Samples were collected at 50 points during all seasons. Horse allergen levels were determined using ELISA. Disturbance by horses was studied with a questionnaire handed to the employees in an office near the stable. Results: The median horse allergen level at the stable entrance was 316 U/m(3), in the horse fields 40 U/m(3) and in the whole source area 16 U/m(3), which declined to <2 U/m(3) at about 50 m from the source area. Downwind of the prevailing winds low levels of horse allergen (2-4 U/m(3)) could sometimes be detected at up to 500 m. The staff, including those allergic to horses, managed to tolerate horses close to the workplace. Conclusions: At low winds horse allergen spread in ambient air about 50 m from the stable and horse fields. At higher winds low allergen levels were sometimes found in open areas up to 500 m from the source area. These levels were similar to those found in the office after moving away from the stable area. The employees did not report more symptoms of allergy or asthma while working close to the stable compared to after the move. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.  
  Address Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden  
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  ISSN 1423-0097 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:18025788 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4357  
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