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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Manson, J.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 48 Issue Pages 473-475  
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  Notes 10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4888  
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Author McLaren, B.E.; Peterson, R.O. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 266 Issue 5190 Pages 1555-1558  
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  Abstract Investigation of tree growth in Isle Royale National Park in Michigan revealed the influence of herbivores and carnivores on plants in an intimately linked food chain. Plant growth rates were regulated by cycles in animal density and responded to annual changes in primary productivity only when released from herbivory by wolf predation. Isle Royale's dendrochronology complements a rich literature on food chain control in aquatic systems, which often supports a trophic cascade model. This study provides evidence of top-down control in a forested ecosystem.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4995  
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Author Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 9 Issue 11 Pages 442-446  
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  Abstract The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5161  
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Author Ballou, J. openurl 
  Title Population Biology Type Book Chapter
  Year 1994 Publication Przewalski’s horse: The History and Biology of an Endangered Species Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher tate University of New York Press Place of Publication Albany Editor Boyd,L.;Houpt, C.A  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5187  
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Author Petit, O.; Thierry, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 48 Issue 6 Pages 1427-1436  
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  Abstract Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5244  
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Author Houpt, K. A.; Boyd L. openurl 
  Title Social Behaviour Type Book Chapter
  Year 1994 Publication Przewalski's horse Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher State university of New York Press Place of Publication Albany Editor Boyd L.; Houpt, K. A.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5433  
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Author Irvine, C.H.G.; Alexander, S.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Factors affecting the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations in the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Domestic Animal Endocrinology Abbreviated Journal Domest. Anim. Endocrinol.  
  Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 227-238  
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  Abstract In horses, a circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations has been reported in some but not all studies. When a rhythm occurred, horses were accustomed to a management routine, comprising stabling, feeding and sometimes exercise, which may entrain a circadian pattern. In this work, we monitored plasma cortisol by collecting jugular blood through indwelling cannulae from four groups: 1): 10 untrained, unperturbed mares grazing excess pasture, bled hourly for 26 hr; 2) 4 mares housed in a barn for 48 hr before sampling every 15 min for 20–24 hr; 3) 5 mares placed in an outdoor yard for sampling every 30 min from 0930–2100 hr; and 4) 4 stabled racehorses in training, bled every 30 min from 0730–2000 hr and once the following morning at 0830 hr. Plasma cortisol showed a similarly-timed circadian rhythm (P<0.0001) in all Group 1 horses, with a peak at 0600–0900 hr, and a nadir at 1800–2100 hr. By contrast, cortisol concentrations did not vary with time in either Group 2 or 3. Neither daily mean nor peak cortisol values differed in Group 1 and 2 (i.e. bled for >= 20 hr); however nadir values were higher (P<0.05) in Group 2. In Group 4, cortisol declined (P=0.004) during the sampling period but had returned to initial concentrations the next morning. Values did not differ from those for Group 1, except between 1000 and 1300 hr when cortisol in Group 4 was lower (P<0.05). We conclude that a circadian cortisol rhythm exists in horses in the absence of any known cues imposed by humans. However, this rhythm can be obliterated by the minor perturbation of removing the horse from its accustomed environment. By contrast, the rhythm occurs in trained racehorses, suggesting either that they have adapted to their environment thereby allowing an endogenous rhythm to emerge, or that the rhythm is entrained by their daily routine. These observations highlight the difficulties in determining the cortisol status of a horse, since measurements will be affected by time of day, the occurrence of short-term fluctuations, and how accustomed the horse is to its environment.  
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  ISSN 0739-7240 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5590  
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Author Thun, R.; Schwarz-Porsche, D. openurl 
  Title Nebennierenrinde Type Book Whole
  Year 1994 Publication Veterinärmedizinische Endokrinologie. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 3. Aufl. Pages 309-351  
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  Publisher Verlag Gustav Fischer Place of Publication Jena, Stuttgart Editor F.H.Döcke  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5998  
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Author Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. openurl 
  Title The opening of milk bottles by birds Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication British Birds Abbreviated Journal British Birds  
  Volume Issue 42 Pages 347-357  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6525  
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Author Byrne R.W. openurl 
  Title The evolution of intelligence Type Book Chapter
  Year 1994 Publication Behaviour and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 223-265  
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  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge,UK Editor P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6566  
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