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Author |
Rubenstein Di, |
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Title |
Behavioural ecology of island feral horeses |
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Year |
1981 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Equine. Vet. J. |
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13 |
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27-34 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1524 |
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Author |
SchäFer M, |
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Title |
Beobachtungen zum interspezifischen Aggressionsverhalten eines Halbeselhybrid |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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29 |
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49-58 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1560 |
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Author |
Partridge, B.L. |
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Title |
Internal dynamics and the interrelations of fish in schools |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Sensory Neural Behav Physiol |
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Volume |
144 |
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3 |
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313-325 |
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Abstract |
The three-dimensional structure of schools of saithe (Pollachius virens) and the interactions between individuals over time were analyzed in 12,240 frames of videotape sampled at 2.7 Hz. Time series analyses of the interactions between identified individuals allowed testing of assumptions of anonymity vs. leadership in schools and investigation of the transfer of information between individuals by which collective decisions are made. Results include the following:1.Saithe match changes in both swimming direction and speed of their neighbors but correlations are greater for swimming speed. Average speed of the school does not greatly affect correlations between neighboring fish although the reaction latencies may be somewhat increased. As shown previously (Partridge et al. 1980) nearest neighbor distance (NND) decreases with increasing school velocity.2.Saithe simultaneously match the headings and swimming speeds of at least their first two nearest neighbors within the school (NN1 and NN2). Partialling out the correlation between a fish's neighbors demonstrates that a fish's correlation to his second nearest neighbor (NN2) is not simply a transitive function of mutual correlation between the NN1 and NN2.3.Several sources of individual variation in schooling performance were examined. In all respects except one, that of preferred positions within the school, saithe showed no individual differences, i.e., some were not “better schoolers” than others. Although fish in the school differed in length by up to a factor of 2.5, no size related effects in NND or nearest neighbor positioning were found.4.Single Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA) of the cross-correlations of fishs' swimming speeds and directions demonstrated quantitatively the existence of subgroups within schools if they contain more than 10-11 members. Subgroups acting more-or-less independently in terms of short term variations in speed and direction nonetheless remained within the school as a whole and were not often apparent to observers since members of one group interdigitated with those of another. How individuals know to which subgroup they belong remains unanswered. |
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2063 |
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Author |
Roberts, J.; Hunter, M.L.; Kacelnik, A. |
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Title |
The ground effect and acoustic communication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
633-634 |
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2123 |
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Author |
Miller, R. |
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Title |
Male aggression, dominance and breeding behaviour in Red Desert feral horses |
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1981 |
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Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie |
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Z. Tierpsychol. |
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57 |
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340-201 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2374 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, Juliet. |
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Title |
Domesticated animals from early times |
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1981 |
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Univ of Texas Press |
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Austin |
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9780292715325 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4088 |
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Author |
Barnard, C.J.; Sibly, R.M. |
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Title |
Producers and scroungers: A general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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29 |
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2 |
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543-550 |
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Many forms of interaction within and between species appear to be based on `scrounger' individuals or species exploiting a limited resource provided `producers'. A mathematical model is presented which shows whether or not scroungers are maintained in a group, depending on their frequency and the group size. Some of the predictions of the model were tested in captive flocks of house sparrows Passer domesticus L. Here the scroungers obtained most of their food (mealworms) by interaction and the producers found most of their food by actively foraging: the pay-off to each type was measured as mealworm capture rate. Neither type changed strategy opportunistically in response to instantaneous flock composition but, not surprisingly, scroungers fared better when one of more producers were present. However, scrougers did much worse than expected when greatly outnumbered by producers, perhaps because producers then found the available food very quickly. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4200 |
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Author |
Wittenberger, James F. |
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Title |
Animal Social Behavior |
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1981 |
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Duxbury Press |
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Boston |
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978-0878722952 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4262 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Equine behavior problems in relation to humane management |
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Year |
1981 |
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Int. J. Stud. Anim Prob. |
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Int. J. Stud. Anim. Prob. |
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2 |
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6 |
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329-337 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4521 |
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McCall, C.A.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Ingram, R.S. |
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Learning abilities in yearling horses using the Hebb-Williams closed field maze |
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1981 |
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J. Anim. Sci. |
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J. Anim. Sci. |
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53 |
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4 |
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928-933 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 9; Export Date: 24 October 2008 |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4613 |
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