| Records |
| Author |
Gosling, S.D. |
| Title |
Personality dimensions in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
112 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
107-118 |
Keywords  |
Animals; Carnivora/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Personality; Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Species Specificity; Temperament |
| Abstract |
Personality ratings of 34 spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) were made by 4 observers who knew the animals well. Analyses suggest that (a) hyena personality traits were rated with generally high reliability; (b) 5 broad dimensions (Assertiveness, Excitability, Human-Directed Agreeableness, Sociability, and Curiosity) captured about 75% of the total variance; (c) this dimensional structure could not be explained in terms of dominance status, sex, age, or appearance; and (d) as expected, female hyenas were more assertive than male hyenas. Comparisons with previous research provide evidence for the cross-species generality of Excitability, Sociability, and especially Assertiveness. Discussion focuses on methodological issues in research on animal personality and on the potential contributions this research can make for understanding the biological and environmental bases of personality. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. samiam@uclink.berkeley.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9642781 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5019 |
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| Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
A concept of value during experimental exchange in brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
317-330 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; *Token Economy; Video Recording |
| Abstract |
We evaluated the response of brown capuchin monkeys to two differentially valued tokens in an experimental exchange situation akin to a simple barter. Monkeys were given a series of three tests to evaluate their ability to associate tokens with food, then their responses were examined in a barter situation in which tokens were either limited or unlimited. Capuchins did not perform barter in the typical sense, returning the tokens which were associated with the reward. However, females, but not males, showed a different response, preferring the higher-value token. This may indicate that they learned to prefer one token over the other rather than to associate the tokens with their specific rewards. This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males. |
| Address |
Living Links Center, Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 N. Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15486443 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
170 |
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| Author |
Hernandez, J.; Hawkins, D.L. |
| Title |
Training failure among yearling horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1418-1422 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Female; Florida; Horses/*physiology; Lameness, Animal/*economics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects/economics; Respiratory Tract Diseases/economics/*veterinary; Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To compare financial returns between pinhooked yearling horses (ie, bought and trained for approximately 5 months with the goal of selling the horse at “2-year-olds in training” sales) that had mild or severe training failure and horses that had planned versus nonplanned training failure. ANIMALS: 40 Thoroughbred pinhooked yearling horses. PROCEDURE: During the period from September 1998 through and April 1999, 20 horses had mild training failure (1 to 11 days lost), and 20 horses had severe training failure (13 to 108 days lost). Horses were assigned to these 2 groups on the basis of frequency distribution (median) of days lost during training. Horses were also categorized on the basis of type of training failure (planned vs nonplanned training failure). The outcome of primary interest was financial return. Median financial returns were compared among groups by use of the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Median financial returns for horses that had severe training failure ($1,000) were significantly different, compared with horses that had mild training failure ($24,000). Analysis of results also indicated that median returns were significantly different among horses that had planned training failure (-$2,000; eg, horses with radiographic abnormalities detected during routine prepurchase examinations that required surgical treatment, resulting in days lost during training), compared with horses that did not ($10,000). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Training failure has an economic impact on revenues in pinhooked yearling horses. Lameness, planned training failure, respiratory disease, and ringworm were common and important causes of training failure. |
| Address |
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:11560271 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4051 |
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| Author |
Holmstrom, M.; Drevemo, S. |
| Title |
Effects of trot quality and collection on the angular velocity in the hindlimbs of riding horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
62-65 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Femur/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Movement/physiology; Statistics; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The angular velocities of the hindlimb angles of 14 horses, including 6 Grand Prix dressage horses, 4 horses judged as good at the trot and 4 horses judged as poor, were analysed. The horse material was the same as previously used by Holmstrom (1994) in studies on conformation and trotting gaits in the Swedish Warmblood riding horse. Four consecutive strides of each horse and the corresponding pace were analysed and mean velocity curves (Xh) for each angle were calculated. Before calculation the data were filtered forwards and backwards with a Butterworth third order filter with a cut off frequency of 60 Hz. During the last 60% of the stance phase there were differences between the horses judged as good and poor at the trot in all the analysed hindlimb angles except the femur inclination. The angular velocity in the hock joint, pelvis inclination and hindlimb pendulation was larger in the good horses. The angular velocity of the hindlimb pendulation decreased with collection in the Grand Prix horses. During parts of the stance phase, there was also a gradual decrease in the femur angular velocity from trot at hand to piaffe. In the hock joint, there was no difference in angular velocity between trot at hand and passage during the last 30%. The higher compression of the hock angle and pelvic angle to the horizontal plane probably reflects a higher compression of the whole hindlimb. It probably contributes to the greater springiness in the movements of good young horses and Grand Prix dressage horses. The results from the present study confirmed the importance of storing elastic strain energy for the quality of the dressage horse gaits. |
| Address |
Dept. of Anatomy and Histology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala |
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English |
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| Notes |
PMID:9354292 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3736 |
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| Author |
Clayton, H.M. |
| Title |
Development of conditioning programs for dressage horses based on time-motion analysis of competitions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
| Volume |
74 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2325-2329 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Horses/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; *Sports; Statistics; Time Factors; *Time and Motion Studies; Videotape Recording |
| Abstract |
The time-motion characteristics of Canadian basic- and medium-level dressage competitions are described, and the results are applied in formulating sport-specific conditioning programs. One competition was analyzed at the six levels from basic 1 to medium 3. Each test was divided into a series of sequences based on the type and speed of activity. The durations of the sequences were measured from videotapes. The basic-level tests had fewer sequences, and they were shorter in distance and duration than the medium tests (P < 0.10), but the average speed did not differ between the two levels. It is recommended that horses competing at the basic levels be conditioned using 5-min exercise periods, with short (10-s) bursts of lengthened trot and canter included at basic 2 and above. In preparation for medium-level competitions, the duration of the work periods increases to 7 min, 10- to 12-s bursts of medium or extended trot and canter are included, and transitions are performed frequently to simulate the energy expenditure in overcoming inertia. |
| Address |
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
8750-7587 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8335563 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3750 |
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| Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Hyperactivity ratings: statistical regression provides an insufficient explanation of practice effects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of pediatric psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Pediatr Psychol |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
393-396 |
| Keywords |
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis; Child; Humans; Male; *Practice (Psychology); *Statistics |
| Abstract |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0146-8693 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3772683 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
261 |
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