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Author Itakura, S.; Agnetta, B.; Hare, B.; Tomasello, M.
Title Chimpanzee Use of Human and Conspecific Social Cues to Locate Hidden Food Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Developmental Science Abbreviated Journal Dev Sci
Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 448 - 456
Keywords (up)
Abstract Two studies are reported in which chimpanzees attempted to use social cues to locate hidden food in one of two possible hiding places. In the first study four chimpanzees were exposed to a local enhancement cue (the informant approached and looked to the location where food was hidden and then remained beside it) and a gaze/point cue (the informant gazed and manually pointed towards the location where the food was hidden). Each cue was given by both a human informant and a chimpanzee informant. In the second study 12 chimpanzees were exposed to a gaze direction cue in combination with a vocal cue (the human informant gazed to the hiding location and produced one of two different vocalizations – a 'food-bark' or a human word-form). The results were – (i) all subjects were quite skillful with the local enhancement cue, no matter who produced it; (ii) few subjects were skillful with the gaze/point cue, no matter who produced it (most of these being individuals who had been raised in infancy by humans); and (iii) most subjects were skillful when the human gazed and vocalized at the hiding place, with little difference between the two types of vocal cue. Findings are discussed in terms of chimpanzees' apparent need for additional cues, over and above gaze direction cues, to indicate the presence of food.
Address Department of Psychology and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA DOI – 10.1111/1467-7687.00089
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1999 Editor
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4973
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Author Tomasello, M.
Title Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees? Type Book Chapter
Year 1990 Publication Language and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 274-311
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Parker,S.T.;Gibson,K.R.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5267
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Author Mersmann, D.; Tomasello, M.; Call, J.; Kaminski, J.; Taborsky, M.
Title Simple Mechanisms Can Explain Social Learning in Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 117 Issue 8 Pages 675-690
Keywords (up)
Abstract Abstract Recent studies have suggested that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) engage in highly complex forms of social learning. Here, we critically assess the potential mechanisms underlying social learning in dogs using two problem-solving tasks. In a classical detour task, the test dogs benefited from observing a demonstrator walking around a fence to obtain a reward. However, even inexperienced dogs did not show a preference for passing the fence at the same end as the demonstrator. Furthermore, dogs did not need to observe a complete demonstration by a human demonstrator to pass the task. Instead, they were just as successful in solving the problem after seeing a partial demonstration by an object passing by at the end of the fence. In contrast to earlier findings, our results suggest that stimulus enhancement (or affordance learning) might be a powerful social learning mechanism used by dogs to solve such detour problems. In the second task, we examined whether naïve dogs copy actions to solve an instrumental problem. After controlling for stimulus enhancement and other forms of social influence (e.g. social facilitation and observational conditioning), we found that dogs’ problem solving was not influenced by witnessing a skilful demonstrator (either an unknown human, a conspecific or the dog’s owner). Together, these results add to evidence suggesting that social learning may often be explained by relatively simple (but powerful) mechanisms.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1439-0310 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5409
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Author Tomasello, M.; Call, J
Title Books Received Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal
Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 269-270
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Abstract The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey

Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts:

Harvard University Press (1999).
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5446
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Author Tomasello, M.
Title The cultural origins of human cognition. Type Book Whole
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Harvard University Press Place of Publication Camebridge,MA. Editor
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5597
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Author Tomasello, M.
Title Do apes ape? Type Book Chapter
Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 319-346
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5600
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Author Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M.
Title Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 311 Issue 5765 Pages 1301-1303
Keywords (up)
Abstract Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5607
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Author Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M.
Title Varieties of altruism in children and chimpanzees Type Abstract
Year 2009 Publication Trends in cognitive sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends Cogn Sci
Volume 13 Issue 9 Pages 397-402
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Abstract Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Humans nearest primate relatives, such as chimpanzees, engage in some but not all of these behaviors: they help others instrumentally, but they are not so inclined to share resources altruistically and they do not inform others of things helpfully. The evolutionary roots of human altruism thus appear to be much more complex than previously supposed.
Address
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Publisher Elsevier Science, Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1364-6613(09)00149-1 DOI - 10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.008 Serial 5608
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Author Warneken, F.; Hare, B.; Melis, A.P.; Hanus, D.; Tomasello, M.
Title Spontaneous Altruism by Chimpanzees and Young Children Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication PLoS Biol Abbreviated Journal PLoS Biol
Volume 5 Issue 7 Pages e184 EP -
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Abstract <p>Experimental evidence reveals that chimpanzees will help other unrelated humans and conspecifics without a reward, showing that they share crucial aspects of altruism with humans.</p>
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Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5609
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Author Schneider, A.-C.; Melis, A.P.; Tomasello, M.
Title How chimpanzees solve collective action problems Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios, when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads, suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5629
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