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Author Roth II,T.C.; Cox, J.G.; Lima, S.L.
Title The Use and Transfer of Information About Predation Risk in Flocks of Wintering Finches Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 114 Issue 12 Pages 1218 - 1226
Keywords (up)
Abstract ABSTRACT

Several studies in behavior have focused in some way on how groups of prey gather and use information about predation risk. Although asymmetries in information about risk exist among members of real groups, we know little about how such uneven information might affect individual or group antipredator decisions. Hence, we studied the use and transfer of information about the risk of predation in small flocks of wintering birds. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus; 28 groups of three) were held in large enclosures divided into safe and risky patches. We controlled the information about risk available to each individual by conducting attacks with a model hawk that was visible to only a single (informed) bird. Repeated attacks on a single individual did not reduce the amount of feeding by other birds in that patch, although the time to resume feeding after observing a response to an attack event was somewhat longer than after a no attack event. These results suggest that informed individuals impart some information to naive (uninformed) birds, but this effect was not strong. In fact, the frequent return of informed individuals to feeders after observing uninformed individuals feed suggests that finches relied more on public information regarding safety than their own personal information in deciding when to feed. Group patch choice appeared to be based on a majority-rules decision, although an effect of dominance status was apparent. Our results suggest that subordinate flock members may exert a large influence over group decision-making by acting as spatial 'anchors'.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4704
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Author Range, F.; Horn, L.; Bugnyar, T.; Gajdon, G.; Huber, L.
Title Social attention in keas, dogs, and human children Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 181-192
Keywords (up)
Abstract Abstract: Understanding animals" abilities to cooperate with and learn from each other has been an active field of research in recent years. One important basis for all types of social interactions is the disposition of animals to pay attention to each other-a factor often neglected in discussions and experiments. Since attention differs between species as well as between individuals, it is likely to influence the amount and type of information different species and/or observers may extract from conspecifics in any given situation. Here, we carried out a standardized comparative study on attention towards a model demonstrating food-related behavior in keas, dogs and children. In a series of experimental sessions, individuals watched different conspecific models while searching, manipulating and feeding. Visual access to the demonstration was provided by two observation holes, which allowed us to determine exactly how often and for how long observers watched the model. We found profound differences in the factors that influence attention within as well as between the tested species. This study suggests that attention should be incorporated as an important variable when testing species in social situations.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4713
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Author Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. (eds)
Title Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective Type Book Whole
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up)
Abstract The beginnings of the idea about a book on “side bias” began in the year

1994 during the senior editor“s research association with late Professor M.P.

Bryden and colleagues at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Over many

discussions with Professor Bryden, it was clear that the concept of ”side bias"

encompasses all aspects of motor behaviour within the context of human

(and non-human animal) laterality. The tendency to favour one side or limb

over the other is important not only from the perspective of understanding

the functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, but also to an

understanding of a myriad of aspects of human behaviour, as the

contributions to this volume will attest.

By side bias, most people would think of bias in terms of hand

preference or performance. The phenomenon of side bias, however, is more

general and influences motor behaviour of all kinds, ranging from simple

hand movement to complex behaviours like facial expression and attention.

Therefore, the concept has been operationalized in terms of bias reflected in

the motor expression of paired (such as hands, feet, eyes, or ears) or

nonpaired organs (such as the face) as a function of preference, performance

or attentional/intentional factors. ....

More see: http://www.springerlink.com/content/gr1726/front-matter.pdf
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Publisher Springer Place of Publication Netherlands Editor Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN 978-0-7923-6660-7 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4733
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Author Gorodnichenko, Y.; Roland, G.
Title Individualism, innovation, and long-run growth Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 108 Issue Supplement 4 Pages 21316-21319
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Notes 10.1073/pnas.1101933108 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5941
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Author Yulk G.
Title Leadership in organizations. Type Book Whole
Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Yulk G. 1998. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Leadership in Organizations focuses on effective leadership in organizations through both theory and practice. This book explains and critiques the major theories and studies that are most relevant and informative and reviews what we know about leadership effectiveness. This combination of theory and practice makes this text a useful resource for practicing managers who are looking for something more than superficial answers to difficult questions about leadership.
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Publisher Prentice-Hall Place of Publication Englewood Cliffs, NJ Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN 978-0138142681 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4806
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Author Mal, M.E.; Friend, T.H.; Lay, D.C.; Vogelsang, S.G.; Jenkins, O.C.
Title Behavioral responses of mares to short-term confinement and social isolation Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 31 Issue 1-2 Pages 13-24
Keywords (up)
Abstract Thirty-six mares, blocked by age and temperament score, were assigned to one of three treatment groups: pasture (P); confinement stalls (C), allowing social contact; isolation stalls (ISS), allowing no contact with conspecifics. After 48 h on treatment, the mares were observed in situ for 1 h. Medium temperament and highly reactive ISS mares spent more time eating grain (P<0.01) and exhibited more grain-eating bouts (P<0.03) than P and C mares. Calm P mares had longer forage-eating bouts than C and ISS mares (P<0.02). During a 15 min open-field test in a 23 m x 23 m pen after 72 h on treatment, ISS mares traveled farther (P<0.005) than C and P mares, spent more total time trotting (P<0.01) than C and P mares, and exhibited a greater number of trotting bouts (P<0.01) than both C and P mares. Isolated mares spent less total time standing during the open-field test than C (P<0.05) and P (P<0.01) mares, but exhibited a greater number of standing bouts than C (P<0.05) and P (P<0.01) mares. Isolated mares also exhibited a greater number of total activity bouts (P<0.01) during the open-field test than both C and P mares; P mares also exhibited fewer activity bouts than C mares (P<0.1). Results indicate that mares kept in confined and isolated environments showed greater motivation for movement and performance of a greater number of activities than those maintained on pasture with conspecifics.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4820
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Author Bertolucci, C.; Giannetto, C.; Fazio, F.; Piccione, G.
Title Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Animal Abbreviated Journal Animal
Volume 2 Issue 07 Pages 1055-1060
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Abstract Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4823
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Author Wall, D.L.; Topliff, D.R.; Freeman, D.W.; Wagner, D.G.; Breazile, J.W.; Stutz, W.A.
Title Effect of dietary cation-anion balance on urinary mineral excretion in exercised horses Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 168-171
Keywords (up)
Abstract Summary Four mares and four geldings of Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred breeding were used in two simultaneous 4x4 Latin square experiments to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), defined as meq ((Na+K)-C1)/kg dry matter, on urinary pH and mineral excretion in exercised horses. Diets consisted of a pelleted concentrate of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed hulls fed with bermudagrass hay. Treatments with DCAB of +5 (Low, L), +107 (Medium Low, ML), +201 (Medium High, MH) and +327 (High, H), meq ((Na+K)-Cl)/kg dry matter were formed by supplementing diet L with calcium chloride and ammonium chloride, diet ML with calcium chloride and diet H with sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (Table 1). Diet MH was not supplemented and served as the control treatment. Horses were conditioned aerobically for 6 weeks using long, slow, distance (LSD) workouts. During the experimental periods, horses were subjected to a combined exercise regimen alternating LSD with an interval-training protocol 6 days/week. There was a significant (P<.01) treatment effect on urine pH; least squares means for L, ML, MH and H were 6.73, 7.17, 7.38, and 7.92. Horses consuming diet L excreted more calcium in the urine (P<.05) than those consuming MH or H. Least squares means for daily urine calcium excretion tended to be linear across treatments and ranged from 19.66 g/day for diet L to 9.12 g/day for diet H. Urinary chloride excretion was higher (P<.05) for L than for MH or H. Horses fed diet H excreted more sodium (P<.05) in urine than horses fed the other diets. Lowering DCAB, increases urinary calcium loss; depending on the level of calcium intake, this could lead to negative calcium balance in exercising horses.
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ISSN 0737-0806 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4833
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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A.
Title Punishment in animal societies Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 373 Issue 6511 Pages 209-216
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Abstract Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour.
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Notes 10.1038/373209a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4838
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Author Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R.
Title The Logic of Animal Conflict Type Journal Article
Year 1973 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 246 Issue Pages 15-18
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Notes 10.1038/246015a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4844
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