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Author |
Anderson, J.R.; Kuwahata, H.; Fujita, K. |
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Title |
Gaze alternation during “pointing” by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
267-271 |
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Keywords  |
*Animal Communication; Animals; *Attention; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cues; Female; Humans; *Learning; Male; Saimiri/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Gaze alternation (GA) is considered a hallmark of pointing in human infants, a sign of intentionality underlying the gesture. GA has occasionally been observed in great apes, and reported only anecdotally in a few monkeys. Three squirrel monkeys that had previously learned to reach toward out-of-reach food in the presence of a human partner were videotaped while the latter visually attended to the food, a distractor object, or the ceiling. Frame-by-frame video analysis revealed that, especially when reaching toward the food, the monkeys rapidly and repeatedly switched between looking at the partner's face and the food. This type of GA suggests that the monkeys were communicating with the partner. However, the monkeys' behavior was not influenced by changes in the partner's focus of attention. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. jra1@stir.ac.uk |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:17242934 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2424 |
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Author |
Schino, G.; di Sorrentino, E.P.; Tiddi, B. |
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Title |
Grooming and coalitions in Japanese macaques (<em>Macaca fuscata</em>): Partner choice and the time frame reciprocation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
181-188 |
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Keywords |
*Altruism; *Animal Grooming Behavior; *Animal Social Behavior; *Reciprocity; Monkeys |
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Abstract |
Evidence of a reciprocal exchange of grooming and agonistic support in primates is mixed. In this study, the authors analyzed a large database of grooming and coalitions in captive female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to investigate their within-group distribution and temporal relations. Macaques groomed preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and supported preferentially those individuals that supported them most. They also supported preferentially those individuals that groomed them most and groomed preferentially those individuals that supported them most. These results were not explained by covariation of grooming and support with third variables such as kinship, rank, or time spent in proximity. However, receiving grooming did not increase the short-term probability of supporting a partner, and being supported did not increase the short-term probability of grooming a partner. The proximate mechanisms underlying the exchange of services were discussed in relation to the time frame of the behavioral choices made by the monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Schino, Gabriele: Via Lucilio 36, Roma, Italy, 00136, gschino@casaccia.enea.it |
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American Psychological Association |
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Us |
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1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 2007-07076-007 |
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5810 |
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Author |
Robinson, H.C. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
160 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
244 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Equidae; Horses/*physiology/*psychology |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:17308028 |
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1773 |
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Author |
Meral, Y.; Cakiroglu, D.; Sancak, A.A.; Cyftcy, G.; Karabacak, A. |
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Title |
Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-32 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Horses/*blood; Lipids/*blood; Male; Serotonin/*blood |
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Abstract |
Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids. |
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Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey. ymeral@omu.edu.t |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:17252934 |
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no |
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Serial |
1835 |
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Author |
Li, C.; Jiang, Z.; Tang, S.; Zeng, Y. |
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Title |
Influence of enclosure size and animal density on fecal cortisol concentration and aggression in Pere David's deer stags |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
General and Comparative Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Gen Comp Endocrinol |
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Volume |
151 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-209 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Deer; *Environment; Feces/*chemistry; Handling (Psychology); Housing, Animal; Hydrocortisone/*analysis; Male; Population Density |
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Abstract |
We investigated the impact of enclosure size and animal density on behavior and adrenocortical secretion in Pere David's deer in Dafeng Nature Reserve, China. From February 15 to April 16 in 2004, we conducted two experiments. First, we studied maintenance behavior and conflict behavior of Pere David's deer stags in a large enclosure (200 ha) with low animal density (0.66 deer/ha) and a small display pen (0.75 ha) with high animal density (25.33 deer/ha). The maintenance behavior we recorded included standing, locomotion, foraging and rest. During the behavioral observations, we collected fresh voided fecal samples from the stags periodically, and analyzed the fecal cortisol concentrations in those samples using radioimmunoassay technique. Second, we monitored the fecal cortisol concentrations of one group of stags (12 deer lived in an enclosure of 100 ha) before and after transferred into a small pen (0.5 ha). We found that in the first experiment: (1) there were significant differences in standing and rest whereas no significant differences of locomotion and foraging between the free-ranging group and the display group; (2) frequency of conflict behavior in the display group was significantly higher than those in the free-ranging group; and (3) fecal cortisol concentration of the display group (326.17+/-16.98 ng/g dry feces) was significantly higher than that of the free-ranging group (268.98+/-15.21 ng/g dry feces). In the second experiment, there was no significant difference of the fecal cortisol concentrations among sampling days, but the mean fecal cortisol concentration of the day after transferring (337.46+/-17.88 ng/g dry feces) was significantly higher than that of the day before transferring (248.44+/-7.99 ng/g dry feces). Comparison with published findings, our results indicated that enclosure size and animal density affect not only behaviors, but also adrenocortical secretion in Pere David's deer. Small living space with high animal density may impose physiological stress to captive Pere David's deer. Moreover, long-term physiological stress and increase of conflict behavior may subsequently affect survival and reproduction of the deer. |
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Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China |
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0016-6480 |
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PMID:17324429 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5475 |
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Author |
Bonnie, K.E.; Horner, V.; Whiten, A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Spread of arbitrary conventions among chimpanzees: a controlled experiment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
274 |
Issue |
1608 |
Pages |
367-372 |
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Abstract |
Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a rich cultural repertoire--traditions common in some communities are not present in others. The majority of reports describe functional, material traditions, such as tool use. Arbitrary conventions have received far less attention. In the same way that observations of material culture in wild apes led to experiments to confirm social transmission and identify underlying learning mechanisms, experiments investigating how arbitrary habits or conventions arise and spread within a group are also required. The few relevant experimental studies reported thus far have relied on cross-species (i.e. human-ape) interaction offering limited ecological validity, and no study has successfully generated a tradition not involving tool use in an established group. We seeded one of two rewarded alternative endpoints to a complex sequence of behaviour in each of two chimpanzee groups. Each sequence spread in the group in which it was seeded, with many individuals unambiguously adopting the sequence demonstrated by a group member. In one group, the alternative sequence was discovered by a low ranking female, but was not learned by others. Since the action-sequences lacked meaning before the experiment and had no logical connection with reward, chimpanzees must have extracted both the form and benefits of these sequences through observation of others. |
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Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:17164200 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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157 |
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Author |
Dindo, M.; De Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Partner effects on food consumption in brown capuchin monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
448-456 |
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It has been claimed that capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) show inequity aversion in relation to food rewards for a simple exchange task. However, other factors may affect the willingness of a monkey to consume foods of high or low value in the presence of a conspecific. In this study, pairs of monkeys were presented with unequally valued foods, but without any task-performance: they simply received the food under four experimental conditions. By looking at the rate of collection and consumption of low-valued cucumber slices we expected to see variation dependent on whether the partner either had 1) cucumber (equity), 2) grape (inequity), 3) inaccessible cucumber or 4) inaccessible grape. Testing 12 adult capuchin monkeys, our findings differed from those of other authors in that the monkeys failed to show negative reactions to inequity, but rather responded with scramble competition (i.e., fast food collection) in the presence of a conspecific without access to food. They also showed facilitated consumption in the presence of a conspecific consuming high-valued food. Possibly, (in)equity plays a different role if food serves as a reward for a task rather than if it is simply made available for consumption. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1-9, 2007. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:17146793 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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158 |
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Author |
Seed, A.M.; Clayton, N.S.; Emery, N.J. |
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Title |
Postconflict third-party affiliation in rooks, Corvus frugilegus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Current biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
152-158 |
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Conflict features in the lives of many animal species and induces social stress mediated by glucocorticoid hormones [1]. Postconflict affiliation, between former opponents (reconciliation) or between former opponents and a bystander (third-party affiliation), has been suggested as a behavioral mechanism for reducing such stress [2], but has been studied almost exclusively in primates [3]. As with many primates, several bird species live in social groups and form affiliative relationships [4]. Do these distantly related animals also use affiliative behavior to offset the costs of conflict? We studied postconflict affiliation in a captive group of rooks. Unlike polygamous primates, monogamous rooks did not reconcile with former opponents. However, we found clear evidence of third-party affiliation after conflicts. Both initiators and targets of aggression engaged in third-party affiliation with a social partner and employed a specific behavior, bill twining, during the postconflict period. Both former aggressors and uninvolved third parties initiated affiliative contacts. Despite the long history of evolutionary divergence, the pattern of third-party affiliation in rooks is strikingly similar to that observed in tolerant primate species. Furthermore, the absence of reconciliation in rooks makes sense in light of the species differences in social systems. |
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Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:17240341 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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534 |
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Author |
Hall, C. |
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Title |
The impact of visual perception on equine learning |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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29-33 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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619 |
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Ninomiya, S. |
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Title |
Social leaning and stereotypy in horses |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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22-23 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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