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| Author | Negi,G. C. S.; Rikhari, H. C.; Ram,Jeet; Singh, S. P. | ||||
| Title | Foraging Niche Characteristics of Horses, Sheep and Goats in an Alpine Meadow of the Indian Central Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | The Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 383-394 |
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| Abstract | 1. Data on plant species foraged, foraging hours, bite rate, bite size and species dry matter (DM) removed per species per bite were collected in tussock grass-forb (Grass-F), forb-tussock grass (Forb-G), Trachydium-forb (Forb), Rhododendron-Cassiope and early successional communities from May to September in a moderately foraged Central Himalayan alpine meadow in order to study the foraging niche characteristics of horses, sheep and goats. 2. The three animals together grazed 30 plant species, of which 20 were grazed by horses, 22 by sheep and 16 by goats. 3. The average foraging hours (5.2-13.2), bites per minute (23-51) and mg DM per bite (59-99) for horses, sheep and goats were significantly different in different communities and months. 4. The foraging search cost, reckoned as distance walked per unit DM eaten, was highest for goats (15.4 km kg$^{-1}$), followed by sheep (8.1 km kg$^{-1}$) and horses (1.2 km kg$^{-1}$). 5. Of the total intake of horses (3.25 kg DM day$^{-1}$), the Forb community alone accounted for 40%. Sheep (0.74 kg DM day$^{-1}$) resembled horses in this respect. In contrast, the contribution of this community was negligible in the diet of goats in which the Grass-F community contributed most to the intake. 6. Forbs were the largest dietary category for all animal species. The selection ratio varied from 0.7 to 11.3 for forbs, 1.0 to 7.2 for sedges and 1.1 to 2.5 for grasses. 7. Response breadth (in terms of species grazed) was similar for horses and sheep (0.46 vs. 0.43) and somewhat wider for goats (0.49). 8. Grazing pressures below the carrying capacity of the community appeared to favour botanical diversity. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3545 | ||
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| Author | Steelman, S.M.; Michael-Eller, E.M.; Gibbs, P.G.; Potter, G.D. | ||||
| Title | Meal size and feeding frequency influence serum leptin concentration in yearling horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 2391-2398 |
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| Abstract | Energy is an essential nutrient for all horses, and it is especially important in performance horses, pregnant and lactating mares, and young growing horses. A negative energy balance in horses such as these may result in unsatisfactory performance, decreased fertility, or slow growth. Therefore, ensuring adequate energy intake is an important aspect of the nutritional management of the equine. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding large, carbohydrate-rich, concentrate meals on the satiety-inducing hormone, leptin. Three groups of yearling horses were rotated through 3 feeding schedules in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Horses were fed 2, 3, or 4 times per day (2x, 3x, and 4xfeeding schedules, respectively), each for a period of 11 d, with the total amount of daily feed held constant. Horses were weighed and BCS was determined on the first day of each period. Blood samples were collected before the morning meal on d 1, 4, and 7 of each period. Additionally, blood was sampled for the last 24 h of the 2xand 4xdietary periods. Neither weight nor BCS changed during the study (P = 0.99 and P = 0.28, respectively). Both mean and peak plasma glucose were greatest in 2xhorses (P < 0.05), as were mean areas under the curve. Serum leptin concentration increased in 2xhorses (P < 0.05), but not in horses fed 3 or 4 times daily. Leptin was elevated in horses with greater BCS (P < 0.05) and increased steadily throughout the study (P < 0.05). Data from the 24-h collection indicated that 2xhorses had fluctuations in leptin production throughout the day (P < 0.05), whereas horses fed 4 times daily did not. Overall, this study indicates that feeding horses 2 large concentrate meals daily can increase mean serum leptin concentrations and may cause fluctuations in leptin production over a 24-h period. This departure from baseline leptin concentration has the potential to affect appetite, along with numerous other physiological processes. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.2527/jas.2005-281 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3561 | ||
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| Author | Halford; G.S.; Halford, J.M . | ||||
| Title | Secondary reinforcement: signal or substitute reward? A preliminary investigation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Aus. J. Psychol | |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3588 | ||
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| Author | Geisbauer, G.; Griebel, U.; Schmid, A.; Timney, B | ||||
| Title | Brightness discrimination and neutral point | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Canadian Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Can. J. Zool |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 660-670 |
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| Abstract | Abstract: Equine brightness discrimination ability and color discrimination were measured using a two-choice discrimination task. Two Haflinger horses (Equus caballus L., 1758) were trained to discriminate 30 different shades of grey varying from low to high relative brightness. Their ability to distinguish shades of grey was poor, with calculated Weber fractions of 0.42 and 0.45. In addition, a “neutral point” test to determine the dimensionality of color vision was carried out. Three hues of blue-green were tested versus a range of grey targets with brightnesses similar to those of the blue-green targets. A neutral point was found at about 480 nm. Thus, we can conclude that horses possess dichromatic color vision. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3649 | ||
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| Author | Carpenter, M.; Nagell, K.; Tomasello, M.; Butterworth, G.; Moore, C. | ||||
| Title | Social Cognition, Joint Attention, and Communicative Competence from 9 to 15 Months of Age | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development | Abbreviated Journal | Monogr Soc Res Child Dev |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1-174 |
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| Abstract | At around 1 year of age, human infants display a number of new behaviors that seem to indicate a newly emerging understanding of other persons as intentional beings whose attention to outside objects may be shared, followed into, and directed in various ways. These behaviors have mostly been studied separately. In the current study, we investigated the most important of these behaviors together as they emerged in a single group of 24 infants between 9 and 15 months of age. At each of seven monthly visits, we measured joint attentional engagement, gaze and point following, imitation of two different kinds of actions on objects, imperative and declarative gestures, and comprehension and production of language. We also measured several nonsocial-cognitive skills as a point of comparison. We report two studies. The focus of the first study was the initial emergence of infants' social-cognitive skills and how these skills are related to one another developmentally. We found a reliable pattern of emergence: Infants progressed from sharing to following to directing others' attention and behavior. The nonsocial skills did not emerge predictably in this developmental sequence. Furthermore, correlational analyses showed that the ages of emergence of all pairs of the social-cognitive skills or their components were interrelated. The focus of the second study was the social interaction of infants and their mothers, especially with regard to their skills of joint attentional engagement (including mothers' use of language to follow into or direct infants' attention) and how these skills related to infants' early communicative competence. Our measures of communicative competence included not only language production, as in previous studies, but also language comprehension and gesture production. It was found that two measures-the amount of time infants spent in joint engagement with their mothers and the degree to which mothers used language that followed into their infant's focus of attention-predicted infants' earliest skills of gestural and linguistic communication. Results of the two studies are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of social-cognitive development, for theories of language development, and for theories of the process by means of which human children become fully participating members of the cultural activities and processes into which they are born. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3997 | ||
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| Author | Waring, G.H. (ed) | ||||
| Title | Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | ReviewsSynopsisThe second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems. | ||||
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| Publisher | Noyes Publications | Place of Publication | Park Ridge | Editor | Waring, G.H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | exported from refbase (http://uni-regensburg.equine-behaviour.de/refdbshow.php?record=4233), last updated on Tue, 11 Sep 2007 11:17:20 +0200 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Waring2002 | Serial | 4234 | ||
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| Author | Ash, C.; Chin, G.; Pennisi, E.; Sugden, A. | ||||
| Title | Living in Societies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 317 | Issue | 5843 | Pages | 1337- |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4246 | ||
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| Author | Waring, G.H. | ||||
| Title | Horse behavior | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Review The coverage in the book is incredibly broad, thorough and detailed. The drawings throughout are marvelous and do a wonderful job of complementing the text. The extensive bibliography should be especially useful to biologists. “Cheryl Asa, Director of Research, St. Louis Zoo” For those highly interested in the subject, it is unquestionably worth upgrading rrom the first edition. Written by an internationally know and respected ethologist, Horse Behavior is a sound scientific review of equine behavior. “Nancy Kate Diehl, ”Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association,“ Vol. 223, No. 12, December 15, 2003 One of the people out there studying horses is Dr. Waring, a professor at Southern Illinois University. He uses big words such as polyphasic, but defines them, ”The daily sleep cycle of horses is polyphasic, that is, with more than one period of sleep occurring per 24-hour period.“ He gives the academically correct citations of studies, yet describes the results in language the rest of us can understand. I dare any horseperson of any experience level to read it and not learn something. ”Katherine Walcott, Eventing USA, Issue Two, 2003“ Horse Behavior, 2nd edition, is a very well researched book that addresses a through review of normal horse behavior. Dr. Waring brings together references from a wide variety of disciplines, often from very difficult to get sources, and integrates them with his own research into a comprehensive picture of the horse. Each chapter is well orgainzed in its contents, resulting in a book that will be an excellent reference. This is a ”must have“ for any serious student of horse behavior and for those who just enjoy the animal. ”Bonnie V. Beaver, BS, DVM, MS, DACVB, Texas A&M University" Book Description The second edition of this important reference provides important updates, especially in the areas of activity patterns, social behavior, reproduction, animal husbandry, and management. This easy-to-read text integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers and includes an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. Over 100 illustrations and photos provide excellent visual cues for those who work with horses every day. |
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| Publisher | Noyes Publishing | Place of Publication | Norwich, N.Y. | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 0815514840 9780815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 48773749 | Serial | 4275 | ||
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| Author | Wolf, M.; van Doorn, G.S.; Leimar, O.; Weissing, F.J. | ||||
| Title | Wolf et al. reply | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Nature | |
| Volume | 450 | Issue | 7167 | Pages | E5-E6 |
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | 10.1038/nature06327 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4297 | ||
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| Author | Fazio, F.; Assenza, A.; Piccione, G.; Caola, G. | ||||
| Title | Periodic Monitoring of Some Physiological Parameters during Training in the Athletic Horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 595-598 | |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4384 | ||
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