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Author de Waal, F.B. openurl 
  Title The organization of agonistic relations within two captive groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.  
  Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 225-282  
  Keywords (down) Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Fear; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca fascicularis/*physiology; Male; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Dominance  
  Abstract The paper offers a detailed quantitative descripition of the distribution of agonistic activities over the members of two groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). These groups lived in captivity and were well-established: i.e. they had an extensive network of genealogical relationships. The study pays special attention to agonistic interactions with three or more participants. Its main purpose is an analysis of the way dyadic agonistic relations (e.g. dominance relations) are affected by third group members and the relations among these. The paper presents data on the ontogeny of 'dependent dominance', the 'control role' of the alpha-male, and the functions of different types of alliances.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0044-3573 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:412345 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 213  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Tsong, T.Y. openurl 
  Title Conformational relaxations of urea- and guanidine hydrochloride-unfolded ferricytochrome c Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication The Journal of Biological Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Biol Chem  
  Volume 252 Issue 24 Pages 8778-8780  
  Keywords (down) *Cytochrome c Group; Guanidines/*pharmacology; Protein Conformation/drug effects; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea/*pharmacology  
  Abstract Several recent studies of protein the unfolded proteins. In urea- and guanidine HCl-unfolded ferricytochrome c (horse heart), an acid-induced spin state transformation of the heme group has been detected by the heme absorptions, Trp-59 fluorescence, and the intrinsic viscosity of protein. Kinetics of this second conformational transition, by the temperature jump and stopped flow methods, are complex. One rapid reaction (tau1), pH-independent, occurs in a 50-mus range; the second reaction (tau2), in a 1-ms range, depends linearly upon pH and is faster at the alkaline side; a third reaction (tau3), in a 1-s range, shows a sigmoidal transition at pH 5.1 and is faster at the acidic side. The results are consistent with a kinetic scheme which involves protein conformational changes in the transformation of the heme coordination state. The kinetics, along with previous equilibrium studies, indicate that ligand or charge interactions within a protein molecule are not completely prohibited even in strongly denaturing conditions, such as in high concentrations of urea and guanidine HCl. Thus, local structures of peptide chain associated with these interactions can exist in the unfolded protein.  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9258 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:200618 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3882  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Levy, J. openurl 
  Title The mammalian brain and the adaptive advantage of cerebral asymmetry Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci  
  Volume 299 Issue Pages 264-272  
  Keywords (down) *Adaptation, Physiological; Adaptation, Psychological/physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Perception/physiology  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:280207 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4137  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Alexander, R, MCN et al doi  openurl
  Title Fast locomotion of some african ungulates Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal J Zool  
  Volume 183 Issue 3 Pages 291-300  
  Keywords (down)  
  Abstract ABSTRACT

Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed.



Summary:

Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat.

Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63.

Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass.

Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones.		  
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  Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 130  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Anderson , M.C.; Shettleworth, S.J. doi  openurl
  Title Behavioral adaptation to fixed-interval and fixed-time food delivery in golden hamsters Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav  
  Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 33-49  
  Keywords (down)  
  Abstract Food-deprived golden hamsters in a large enclosure received food every 30 sec contingent on lever pressing, or free while their behavior was continuously recorded in terms of an exhaustive classification of motor patterns. As with other species in other situations, behavior became organized into two main classes. One (terminal behaviors) increased in probability throughout interfood intervals; the other (interim behaviors) peaked earlier in interfood intervals. Which class an activity belonged to was independent of whether food was contingent on lever pressing. When food was omitted on some of the intervals (thwarting), the terminal activities began sooner in the next interval, and different interim activities changed in different ways. The interim activities did not appear to be schedule-induced in the usual sense. Rather, the hamsters left the area of the feeder when food was not due and engaged in activities they would normally perform in the experimental environment.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-5002 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16811980 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 388  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Berger, J. doi  openurl
  Title Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 131-146  
  Keywords (down)  
  Abstract 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition.

2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display.

3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands.

4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader.

5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures.		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 748  
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Author Bard Jbl, openurl 
  Title A unity underlying the different zebra stripping patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Zool Lond  
  Volume 183 Issue Pages 527-539  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 923  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author HANSEN et al, openurl 
  Title Foods of wild horses, deer and cattle in the Douglas Mountain Area, Colorado Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Range Mgmt  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 116-118  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1158  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Klingel H, openurl 
  Title Observations on Social Organization and Behaviour of African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and E. hemionus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.  
  Volume 44 Issue Pages 323-331  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1309  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Klingel H, openurl 
  Title Eine feine Gesellschaft. Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication GEo Abbreviated Journal GEo  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 106-120  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1310  
Permanent link to this record
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