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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Ruiz, A.; Gómez, J.; Roeder, J.; Byrne, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Gaze following and gaze priming in lemurs Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 427-434  
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  Abstract Abstract  Although primates have often been found to co-orient visually with other individuals, members of these same species have usually failed to use co-orientation to find hidden food in object-choice experiments. This presents an evolutionary puzzle: what is the function of co-orientation if it is not used for a function as basic as locating resources? Co-orientation responses have not been systematically investigated in object-choice experiments, and requiring co-orientation with humans (as is typical in object-choice tasks) may underestimate other species’ abilities. Using an object-choice task with conspecific models depicted in photographs, we provide experimental evidence that two lemur species (Eulemur fulvus, n = 4, and Eulemur macaco, n = 2) co-orient with conspecifics. Secondly, by analysing together two measures that have traditionally been examined separately, we show that lemurs’ gaze following behaviour and ultimate choice are closely linked. Individuals were more likely to choose correctly after having looked in the same direction as the model, and thus chose objects correctly more often than chance. We propose a candidate system for the evolutionary origins of more complex gaze following: ‘gaze priming.’  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4951  
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Author Bates, L.A.; Lee, P.C.; Njiraini, N.; Poole, J.H.; Sayialel, K.; Sayialel, S.; Moss, C.J.; Byrne, R. url  openurl
  Title Do Elephants Show Empathy? Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of Consciousness Studies Abbreviated Journal J Conscious Stud  
  Volume 15 Issue 10-11 Pages 204-225  
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  Abstract Elephants show a rich social organization and display a number of unusual traits. In this paper, we analyse reports collected over a thirty-five year period, describing behaviour that has the potential to reveal signs of empathic understanding. These include coalition formation, the offering of protection and comfort to others, retrieving and 'babysitting' calves, aiding individuals that would otherwise have difficulty in moving, and removing foreign objects attached to others. These records demonstrate that an elephant is capable of diagnosing animacy and goal directedness, and is able to understand the physical competence, emotional state and intentions of others, when they differ from its own. We argue that an empathic understanding of others is the simplest explanation of these abilities, and discuss reasons why elephants appear to show empathy more than other non-primate species.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5057  
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Author Byrne, R.W. openurl 
  Title How monkeys find their way: leadership, coordination, and cognitive maps of African baboons. Type Book Chapter
  Year 2000 Publication On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 491–518  
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  Publisher Chicago University Press Place of Publication Chicago Editor Boinski, S.; Garber, P.A.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5146  
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Author Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. (eds) openurl 
  Title Machiavellian Intelligence II – Extensions and Evaluations Type Book Whole
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5233  
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Author Seed, A.; Byrne, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Animal Tool-Use Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Current Biology Abbreviated Journal Curr Biol  
  Volume 20 Issue 23 Pages R1032-R1039  
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  Abstract The sight of an animal making and using a tool captivates scientists and laymen alike, perhaps because it forces us to question some of our ideas about human uniqueness. Does the animal know how the tool works? Did it anticipate the need for the tool and make it in advance? To some, this fascination with tools seems arbitrary and anthropocentric; after all, animals engage in many other complex activities, like nest building, and we know that complex behaviour need not be cognitively demanding. But tool-using behaviour can also provide a powerful window into the minds of living animals, and help us to learn what capacities we share with them -- and what might have changed to allow for the incontrovertibly unique levels of technology shown by modern humans.  
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  ISSN 0960-9822 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5318  
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Author Byrne, R. W.; Russon, A. E. doi  openurl
  Title Learning by imitation: a hierachical approach Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages 667-721  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5598  
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Author Whiten, A.; Byrne, R.W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Tactical deception in primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Behavioral and Brain Sciences Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.  
  Volume 11 Issue 02 Pages 233-244  
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  Abstract ABSTRACT Tactical deception occurs when an individual is able to use an “honest” act from his normal repertoire in a different context to mislead familiar individuals. Although primates have a reputation for social skill, most primate groups are so intimate that any deception is likely to be subtle and infrequent. Published records are sparse and often anecdotal. We have solicited new records from many primatologists and searched for repeating patterns. This has revealed several different forms of deceptive tactic, which we classify in terms of the function they perform. For each class, we sketch the features of another individual's state of mind that an individual acting with deceptive intent must be able to represent, thus acting as a “natural psychologist.” Our analysis will sharpen attention to apparent taxonomic differences. Before these findings can be generalized, however, behavioral scientists must agree on some fundamental methodological and theoretical questions in the study of the evolution of social cognition.  
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  Publisher Cambridge Journals Online Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 1469-1825 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5937  
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Author Byrne, R.W. doi  openurl
  Title Do larger brains mean greater intelligence? Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Behavioral and Brain Sciences Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.  
  Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 696-697  
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  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6171  
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Author Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. openurl 
  Title Tactical deception in primates: the 1990 database Type Book Whole
  Year 1990 Publication Primate Reports Abbreviated Journal Primate Rep.  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 1-101  
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  Publisher German Primate Center Place of Publication Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6172  
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Author Riley, J.L.; Noble, D.W.A.; Byrne, R.W.; Whiting, M.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Does social environment influence learning ability in a family-living lizard? Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 449-458  
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  Abstract Early developmental environment can have profound effects on individual physiology, behaviour, and learning. In birds and mammals, social isolation during development is known to negatively affect learning ability; yet in other taxa, like reptiles, the effect of social isolation during development on learning ability is unknown. We investigated how social environment affects learning ability in the family-living tree skink (Egernia striolata). We hypothesized that early social environment shapes cognitive development in skinks and predicted that skinks raised in social isolation would have reduced learning ability compared to skinks raised socially. Offspring were separated at birth into two rearing treatments: (1) raised alone or (2) in a pair. After 1 year, we quantified spatial learning ability of skinks in these rearing treatments (N = 14 solitary, 14 social). We found no effect of rearing treatment on learning ability. The number of skinks to successfully learn the task, the number of trials taken to learn the task, the latency to perform the task, and the number of errors in each trial did not differ between isolated and socially reared skinks. Our results were unexpected, yet the facultative nature of this species' social system may result in a reduced effect of social isolation on behaviour when compared to species with obligate sociality. Overall, our findings do not provide evidence that social environment affects development of spatial learning ability in this family-living lizard.  
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  ISSN 1435-9456 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Riley2017 Serial 6190  
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