| Records |
| Author |
Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
The physiological determination of meal size in pigs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Nutr Soc |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
323-330 |
Keywords  |
Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; *Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/*physiology; Time Factors |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0029-6651 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:2996010 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
53 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
443 |
Issue |
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Pages |
216-226 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Appetitive Behavior; *Avoidance Learning; Birds; *Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; Rats; *Taste |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3860072 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
384 |
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carnevale, J. |
| Title |
Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
883-889 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Poaceae; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twigs. Almost all feeding by foals was done while their mothers were feeding. Movement to water sources was frequently, but not invariably, carried out by an entire herd. Frequency (P = .005) but not duration (P greater than .05) of drinking bouts by mares increased as the temperature increased. Frequency was greatest at 30 to 35 C, at which temperature mares drank once every 1.8 h. Frequency of drinking varied with the time of day (P less than .01), being rarest during the early morning (0500 to 0900 h eastern daylight time) and most frequent during the afternoon (1300 to 1700 h). Drinking by foals was very rare. The youngest age at which a foal was observed to drink was 3 wk, and 8 of 15 foals were never observed to drink before weaning. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3988655 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. |
| Title |
Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of abnormal psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Abnorm Psychol |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
591-610 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-843X |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4078162 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
707 |
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| Author |
Epstein, R. |
| Title |
Animal cognition as the praxist views it |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
623-630 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; Behaviorism; *Cognition; Columbidae; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Humans; Models, Psychological; Problem Solving; Psychological Theory; Psychology/history/trends |
| Abstract |
The distinction between psychology and praxics provides a clear answer to the question of animal cognition. As Griffin and others have noted, the kinds of behavioral phenomena that lead psychologists to speak of cognition in humans are also observed in nonhuman animals, and therefore those who are convinced of the legitimacy of psychology should not hesitate to speak of and to attempt to study animal cognition. The behavior of organisms is also a legitimate subject matter, and praxics, the study of behavior, has led to significant advances in our understanding of the kinds of behaviors that lead psychologists to speak of cognition. Praxics is a biological science; the attempt by students of behavior to appropriate psychology has been misguided. Generativity theory is an example of a formal theory of behavior that has proved useful both in the engineering of intelligent performances in nonhuman animals and in the prediction of intelligent performances in humans. |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0149-7634 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3909017 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2809 |
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| Author |
Forster, H.V.; Pan, L.G.; Bisgard, G.E.; Flynn, C.; Hoffer, R.E. |
| Title |
Changes in breathing when switching from nares to tracheostomy breathing in awake ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1214-1221 |
| Keywords |
Airway Resistance; Animals; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Consciousness; Exertion; Horses/*physiology; Lung Compliance; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors/physiology; *Respiration; Respiratory Dead Space; *Tracheotomy |
| Abstract |
We assessed the consequences of respiratory unloading associated with tracheostomy breathing (TBr). Three normal and three carotid body-denervated (CBD) ponies were prepared with chronic tracheostomies that at rest reduced physiological dead space (VD) from 483 +/- 60 to 255 +/- 30 ml and lung resistance from 1.5 +/- 0.14 to 0.5 +/- 0.07 cmH2O . l-1 . s. At rest and during steady-state mild-to-heavy exercise arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was approximately 1 Torr higher during nares breathing (NBr) than during TBr. Pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume (VT) were greater and alveolar ventilation was less during NBr than TBr. Breathing frequency (f) did not differ between NBr and TBr at rest, but f during exercise was greater during TBr than during NBr. These responses did not differ between normal and CBD ponies. We also assessed the consequences of increasing external VD (300 ml) and resistance (R, 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s) by breathing through a tube. At rest and during mild exercise tube breathing caused PaCO2 to transiently increase 2-3 Torr, but 3-5 min later PaCO2 usually was within 1 Torr of control. Tube breathing did not cause f to change. When external R was increased 1 cmH2O . l-1 . s by breathing through a conventional air collection system, f did not change at rest, but during exercise f was lower than during unencumbered breathing. These responses did not differ between normal, CBD, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies, and they did not differ when external VD or R were added at either the nares or tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
8750-7587 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4055600 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
100 |
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| Author |
Hawkes, J.; Hedges, M.; Daniluk, P.; Hintz, H.F.; Schryver, H.F. |
| Title |
Feed preferences of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20-22 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animals; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; *Food Preferences; Horses/*physiology; Male |
| Abstract |
Preference trials were conducted with mature ponies. In Trial 1, oats were compared with oats plus sucrose. Four of six pony geldings selected oats plus sucrose, but one pony demonstrated a dislike for sucrose and one selected from the bucket on the right side regardless of content. Oats, maize, barley, rye and wheat were compared in Trial 2 using six mature pony mares. Oats were the preferred grain, with maize and barley ranking second and third respectively. Wheat and rye were the least preferred. Even though the ponies demonstrated preference, the total intake at a given meal was not greatly depressed when only the less palatable grains were fed. In Trial 3, pony mares selected a diet containing 20 per cent dried distillers' grain and 80 per cent of a basal mixed diet of maize, oats, wheat bran, soybean meal, limestone and molasses over 100 per cent basal mixed diet, but selected the basal diet over diets containing 20 per cent blood meal, beet pulp or meat and bone meal and 80 per cent basal diet. They did not differentiate against diets containing 20 per cent alfalfa meal or 10 or 5 per cent meat and bone meal when the diets were compared to the basal mixed diet. |
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English |
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Edition |
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0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3979369 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2298 |
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. |
| Title |
Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-19 |
| Keywords |
*Aging; Animals; *Coprophagia; Deoxycholic Acid/physiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses; Humans; Male; Pheromones/physiology; Time Factors; Urination |
| Abstract |
In colts and fillies observed from birth to 24 weeks old, coprophagy occurred from Weeks 1 to 19. Its frequency was greatest during the first two months. Coprophagy was rarely observed in mares and stallions. Foals usually ate the faeces of their mother but were observed to eat their own and those of a stallion and another unrelated mare. Urination by the foal occurred before, during or after 26 per cent of the coprophagy incidents. It is hypothesised that foals may consume faeces in response to a maternal pheromone which signals the presence of deoxycholic acid or other acids which the foal may be deficient in and which it may require for gut immuno-competence myelination of the nervous system. Such a pheromone may also serve to accelerate growth and sexual maturation. Coprophagy may also provide nutrients and introduce normal bacterial flora to the gut. |
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0425-1644 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4038939 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
55 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Handling time and choice in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
139-155 |
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| Abstract |
According to optimal foraging theory, animals should prefer food items with the highest ratios of energy intake to handling time. When single items have negligible handling times, one large item should be preferred to a collection of small ones of equivalent total weight. However, when pigeons were offered such a choice on equal concurrent variable-interval schedules in a shuttlebox, they preferred the side offering many small items per reinforcement to that offering one or a few relatively large items. This preference was still evident on concurrent fixed-cumulative-duration schedules in which choosing the alternative with longer handling time substantially lowered the rate of food intake. |
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English |
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0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16812429 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
383 |
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| Author |
Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. |
| Title |
Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
173-86 |
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Camebridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Camebridge |
Editor |
Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.; |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
819 |
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