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| Author | Gardner, A., West, S. A. | ||||
| Title | Cooperation and Punishment, Especially in Humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Americ. Natur. |
| Volume | 164 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 753-764 |
Keywords  |
kin selection, neighbor-modulated fitness, repression of | ||||
| Abstract | Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges faced by sociologists, economists, and evolutionary biologists. The problem is determining why an individual would carry out a costly behavior that benefits another. Possible solutions to this problem include kinship, repeated interactions, and policing. Another solution that has recently received much attention is the threat of punishment. However, punishing behavior is often costly for the punisher, and so it is not immediately clear how costly punishment could evolve. We use a direct (neighbor-modulated) fitness approach to analyze when punishment is favored. This methodology reveals that, contrary to previous suggestions, relatedness between interacting individuals is not crucial to explaining cooperation through punishment. In fact, increasing relatedness directly disfavors punishing behavior. Instead, the crucial factor is a positive correlation between the punishment strategy of an individual and the cooperation it receives. This could arise in several ways, such as when facultative adjustment of behavior leads individuals to cooperate more when interacting with individuals who are more likely to punish. More generally, our results provide a clear example of how the fundamental factor driving the evolution of social traits is a correlation between social partners and how this can arise for reasons other than genealogical kinship. |
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| Address | University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 341 | ||
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| Author | Gosden, T. P.; Svensson, E. I. | ||||
| Title | Density-Dependent Male Mating Harassment, Female Resistance, and Male Mimicry | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 173 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 709-721 |
| Keywords |
tolerance, sexual conflict, path analysis, mating behavior, polymorphism, fecundity. | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract: Genetic variation in female resistance and tolerance to male mating harassment can affect the outcome of sexually antagonistic mating interactions. We investigated female mating rates and male mating harassment in natural populations of a damselfly (Ischnura elegans). This damselfly species has a heritable sex‐limited polymorphism in females, where one of the morphs is a male mimic (androchrome females). The three female morphs differ in mating rates, and these differences are stable across populations and years. However, the degree of premating resistance toward male mating attempts varied across generations and populations. Male mating harassment of the female morphs changed in a density‐dependent fashion, suggesting that male mate preferences are plastic and vary with the different morph densities. We quantified morph differences in male mating harassment and female fecundity, using path analysis and structural equation modeling. We found variation between the morphs in the fitness consequences of mating, with the fecundity of one of the nonmimetic morphs declining with increasing male mating harassment. However, androchrome females had lower overall fecundity, presumably reflecting a cost of male mimicry. Density‐dependent male mating harassment on the morphs and fecundity costs of male mimicry are thus likely to contribute to the maintenance of this female polymorphism. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4999 | ||
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